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There are moments in history when it feels as if time has stood still! This was one such moment: a father’s love, a king’s honor, and indeed the fate of an entire nation were all at stake!
Explore why Tipu Sultan, the Tiger of Mysore, was feared by the British and his legacy in resisting colonial rule in 18th century India.
Key Takeaways
- Tipu Sultan was a formidable military leader who challenged British colonial ambitions with innovative warfare.
- His leadership was deeply influenced by his father Hyder Ali’s military and diplomatic strategies.
- The British feared Tipu Sultan enough to break war conventions, including taking his sons hostage.
- Tipu’s use of early rocket technology was revolutionary and influenced future warfare globally.
- Despite his death, Tipu Sultan’s legacy as a symbol of resistance against colonialism endures.
What the video covers
- The video covers the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the Treaty of Seringapatam where Tipu Sultan lost half his kingdom and had to hand over his sons to the British.
- It highlights Tipu Sultan’s upbringing by his father Hyder Ali, a soldier-king who transformed Mysore’s army into a formidable force.
- Tipu Sultan’s military innovations, including the use of early military rockets, are discussed as a key factor in his resistance against the British.
- The video details significant battles such as the Battle of Pollilur and Tipu’s surprise attack on British headquarters at Madras.
- It explains the political chaos in 18th century India with fragmented rulers and the British East India Company’s expanding power.
- Tipu Sultan’s diplomatic skills, multilingualism, and adoption of modern technology and warfare strategies are emphasized.
- The narrative covers Tipu’s martyrdom and the symbolic end of a major resistance against British colonialism in India.
- The video also connects Tipu Sultan’s rocket technology to later military uses, including in America’s War of 1812.
- It portrays Tipu Sultan as a symbol of courage and resistance, famously valuing a short life of bravery over a long life of submission.
- The legacy of Tipu Sultan continues to inspire, with historical recognition even in modern institutions like NASA.
Chapters
- 00:00Introduction: The Historic Moment and Treaty of Seringapatam
- 03:09Tipu Sultan’s Early Life and Military Upbringing
- 05:22Tipu’s Early Battles and Surprise Attacks
- 07:26Hyder Ali’s Legacy and Tipu’s Rise
- 09:31Innovations in Warfare: Tipu’s Rockets
- 12:36Internal Betrayal and British Political Reaction
- 16:00The Fall of Tipu Sultan and His Martyrdom
- 24:07Legacy of Tipu Sultan and Influence on Future Warfare
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
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February 1792! Location Seringapatam! The Third Anglo-Mysore War between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British has just ended!
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February 1792! Location Seringapatam! The Third Anglo-Mysore War between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British has just ended!
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According to which, half the kingdom was snatched away from the Sultan! Millions of rupees in war indemnity had to be paid but...
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The united army of the British, the Nizam, and the Marathas forced the Kingdom into a humiliating agreement: the Treaty of Seringapatam!
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the Sultan had to hand over his two innocent and young sons to the British.
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According to which, half the kingdom was snatched away from the Sultan! Millions of rupees in war indemnity had to be paid, but...
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who perhaps didn't even know what was happening to them were seen walking towards the enemy camp!
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There was one condition above all that pierced everyone's heart! That until the war indemnity was paid...
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But why? Why were the British so terrified of this one man? That they broke all rules of war just to make him bow?
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the Sultan had to hand over his two innocent and young sons to the British.
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He was the Tiger of Mysore, Sultan Fath Ali Sahab Tipu! His story is not just the story of a king...
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Yes! This was open kidnapping for ransom! The biggest kidnapping for ransom in history! Then those innocent children...
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imagine a house with no doors, crumbling walls, a missing roof... and every thief and looter walking right in!
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who perhaps didn't even know what was happening to them were seen walking towards the enemy camp!
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And from Bengal to the Deccan... every Nawab and Raja was shedding the blood of his own people just to save his tiny fiefdom.
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And their father, he who roared like a lion, was today handing over his children to the enemy with his own hands!
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The British arriving from across the seven seas and their East India Company! They came with weighing scales, claiming to be traders but now they held swords!
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But why? Why were the British so terrified of this one man? That they broke all rules of war just to make him bow?
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The British were advancing like a flood... and it seemed there was no one to stop them...
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Who was this king of a small state who had shaken the foundations of the British Empire?
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Mysore! There was no hereditary king here, no luxury-loving Nawab here, a soldier ruled! Nawab Hyder Ali!
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He was the Tiger of Mysore, Sultan Fath Ali Sahab Tipu! His story is not just the story of a king...
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He gathered Mysore's broken army... and turned it into a war machine that terrified even the neighboring Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad!
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it is also the story of a choice that made him immortal after death, for all eternity because he famously said: "It is far better to live one day as a lion than a hundred years as a jackal."
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He spoke to the British in the language they understood... the language of power! Hyder Ali knew he wouldn't live forever, he needed an heir...
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18th century India...
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Fath Ali Tipu was not raised on soft palace beds like a common prince... Hyder Ali raised him in the sun, the dust, and the smell of gunpowder!
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imagine a house with no doors, crumbling walls, a missing roof, and every thief and looter walking right in!
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But he wasn't just taught to wield a sword... he also learned diplomacy and modern technology!
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Because the Mughal Empire, once a superpower, was taking its last breaths! Puppet kings sat on the throne of Delhi...
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yes! From the British's rivals, the French... and study the war strategies of Napoleon Bonaparte's era!
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and from Bengal to the Deccan, every Nawab and Raja was shedding the blood of his own people just to save his tiny fiefdom.
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And then this father-son duo showed their brilliance in the First Anglo-Mysore War in 1767!
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Consider this the darkest period in India's history! And who was benefiting from this darkness, this chaos, and this power vacuum?
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But the 17-year-old Tipu gave them a surprise that blew their minds! He came like a storm and fought his way to the very gates of the British headquarters, Madras!
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The British arriving from across the seven seas and their East India Company! They came with weighing scales, claiming to be traders, but now they held swords!
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This was the Treaty of Madras in 1769! The first slap on the face of the British in India...
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They were devouring India like termites! Whether it was the Battle of Plassey in 1757 or the Battle of Buxar in 1764...
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that even their historians are ashamed to recall today! It was September 1780! Location: Pollilur!
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the British were advancing like a flood, and it seemed there was no one to stop them...
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He was sure no native army could break the British Square Formation... But he didn't know he was facing Hyder Ali's experience and Tipu's youth!
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Slavery was now India's destiny! But then, in the dense forests and rocky mountains of South India, a rock stood firm!
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And then, Mysore’s soldiers used a weapon the British hadn't even seen in their nightmares!
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Mysore! There was no hereditary king here, no luxury-loving Nawab here, a soldier ruled! Nawab Hyder Ali!
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This was no longer a war, Tipu was now hunting! His cavalry charged the British army...
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His story is a miracle in itself! He was a common soldier, illiterate, but he possessed a strategic mind that even great generals lacked!
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over three thousand British soldiers were either killed or taken prisoner! Sir William Munro, who was bringing reinforcements saw this carnage and fled!
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He gathered Mysore's broken army and turned it into a war machine that terrified even the neighboring Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad!
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But a power that looked them in the eye, and had the strength to pluck those eyes out!
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But Hyder Ali knew well that the real danger wasn't next door, but the white men who had come to India via the sea!
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But then fate struck a blow Tipu couldn't fight... right in the middle of the war in December 1782, Hyder Ali passed away!
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He spoke to the British in the language they understood, the language of power! Hyder Ali knew he wouldn't live forever; he needed an heir...
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The British rejoiced, they thought Mysore was now an orphan... the army would scatter, traitors would rise and Tipu would weaken!
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an heir who was stronger, smarter, and more modern than him! That is why he raised his son, Fath Ali, not as a prince but as a soldier!
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Or would the British and internal traitors finish it right there? This was a huge question, and Tipu knew full well this was not the time for grief...
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Fath Ali Tipu was not raised on soft palace beds like a common prince. Hyder Ali raised him in the sun, the dust, and the smell of gunpowder!
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He not only kept the army united but continued the war! Until he forced the British into a treaty, this was the Treaty of Mangalore...
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At just 15 years old, Tipu was on the battlefield with his father, where death danced before him at every moment!
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he had become the last hope for India's freedom! But he knew well that this victory was temporary...
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But he wasn't just taught to wield a sword; he also learned diplomacy and modern technology!
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A technology that was about to change the map of future wars, What was that technology?
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Tipu knew Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Kannada, and even French! But why? So he could learn from his enemy's enemy...
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European armies had the best guns, the best discipline, and they were sure they were far ahead of Asia in the technology race!
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yes! From the British's rivals, the French, and study the war strategies of Napoleon Bonaparte's era!
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The British army is sleeping in their camps when suddenly a strange, ear-piercing whistle echoes in the air!
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Think of it as the "Fifth Generation Warfare" of that time! Yes! Tipu was living in the 18th century but thinking like the 20th century!
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These were no arrows these were no ordinary shells! This was "flying death"! As soon as it hit the ground, a massive explosion occurred and British ammunition depots blew up!
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And then this father-son duo showed their brilliance in the First Anglo-Mysore War in 1767!
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This was Tipu Sultan’s masterpiece, The Mysorean Rockets! The world’s first modern, deadly, and scientifically designed rockets!
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The British thought they would crush this army with their modern guns and discipline, just as they were doing elsewhere in India!
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This is where engineering comes in Before Tipu, rockets all over the world were like toys...
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But the 17-year-old Tipu gave them a surprise that blew their minds! He came like a storm and fought his way to the very gates of the British headquarters, Madras!
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Therefore, their range was very short and they didn't cause much destruction! But Tipu Sultan’s mind was the mind of a scientist!
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The situation was such that the British commanders were trapped in the fort, and to save them, for the first time in history, the British had to bow before an Indian ruler and sue for peace!
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Because of the iron... the pressure of the gunpowder inside the cylinder, meaning the compression, increased manifold!
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This was the Treaty of Madras in 1769! The first slap on the face of the British in India...
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Tipu’s rockets could strike up to 2 kilometers away! These were the world's first military-grade rockets...
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a declaration that a tiger had awakened! And this tiger did something to the British...
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And the most terrifying part? On the tips of some rockets, Tipu attached sharp swords!
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that even their historians are ashamed to recall today! It was September 1780! Location: Pollilur!
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The British called them "Flying Plagues"! This had become a psychological weapon... whose sound and uncertain movement broke the morale of the British army!
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English Commander Colonel Baillie was arriving with his massive army, artillery, and arrogance to crush Mysore!
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Four major research centers were built in Seringapatam, Chitradurga, and Bidanur... called "Taramandelpeth"! Here, professional scientists, blacksmiths and craftsmen worked!
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He was sure no native army could break the British Square Formation, but he didn't know he was facing Hyder Ali's experience and Tipu's youth!
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And history tells us that Tipu had over five thousand trained rocket men! Think, when these 5,000 men fired rockets simultaneously, what a scene it must have been?
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Tipu had laid a trap here. As soon as the British army passed through a narrow path, the signal was given!
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Tipu proved that we are not just a nation of emotions... we can be a nation of inventions too!
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And then, Mysore’s soldiers used a weapon the British hadn't even seen in their nightmares!
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But how did the man who possessed such modern weapons... who had five thousand rocket men, lose?
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Suddenly, fire began to rain from the sky, targeting the British ammunition depots. A massive explosion occurred, the British ranks broke, horses panicked, discipline collapsed!
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the answer lies not in technology... the answer lies in the traitors hidden within his own home!
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This was no longer a war. Tipu was now hunting! His cavalry charged the British army...
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Tipu Sultan had everything! The world's best rocket technology, a trained army of 50,000 and a fortress like Seringapatam!
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Colonel Baillie, dreaming of victory moments ago, was now begging for his life! For the first time in history...
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Whenever they clashed, they suffered humiliating defeats from Pollilur to Mangalore! Even in the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1792, they didn't get a decisive victory!
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over three thousand British soldiers were either killed or taken prisoner! Sir William Munro, who was bringing reinforcements, saw this carnage and fled!
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This is the same war we mentioned at the start... this was Tipu Sultan’s first major defeat!
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Chaos erupted in London! Even the British Parliament was shaken! They realized that in India, they were not facing an ordinary Raja...
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If the wall doesn't break, get the door opened from the inside! In 1798, a new Governor-General, Lord Wellesley, came to India...
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but a power that looked them in the eye and had the strength to pluck those eyes out!
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And unfortunately within Tipu Sultan’s inner circle... there were people waiting for their price to be set!
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Because this power possessed technology, passion, and leadership! Mysore was winning, the enemy was terrified, victory was near!
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But they were snakes in the sleeve! The first snake among them was: Mir Sadiq!
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But then fate struck a blow Tipu couldn't fight. Right in the middle of the war in December 1782, Hyder Ali passed away!
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He didn't care for Mysore's freedom, he cared for his estate and the British pension!
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Cancer took the life of this great general, the empire shook, unrest spread in the army!
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To weaken the army, he closed the treasury... but reported to the Sultan that everything was fine!
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The British rejoiced; they thought Mysore was now an orphan, the army would scatter, traitors would rise, and Tipu would weaken!
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Tipu could fight the enemy outside... but how could he fight the enemies smiling in his own court?
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Now everything was at stake! Could the 32-year-old Tipu carry such a heavy burden? Could he control an army whose loyalty lay with Hyder Ali?
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So he tried to make allies! He wrote letters to the ruler of France, Napoleon Bonaparte!
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Or would the British and internal traitors finish it right there? This was a huge question, and Tipu knew full well this was not the time for grief...
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either the British intercepted them at sea or Tipu's own ministers made them disappear! And then the year 1799 arrived!
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it was time to stabilize. He wiped his tears and picked up his sword! And he told the world that a lion's son is also a lion!
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Seringapatam was under siege... food shortages began inside the fort, soldiers were getting tired... but the walls were still strong!
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He not only kept the army united but continued the war until he forced the British into a treaty. This was the Treaty of Mangalore...
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the British would have to lift the siege! And Tipu would win! But at that precise moment, Mir Sadiq played his master card!
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The British went back rubbing their noses in the dirt! Now Tipu was not just the ruler of Mysore...
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But a breach wasn't a big deal, filling it or fighting there wasn't difficult! Tipu's best troops were stationed there!
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he had become the last hope for India's freedom! But he knew well that this victory was temporary...
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Mir Sadiq came to the ramparts and told the soldiers: "You are tired come down! Salaries are being distributed today! Go and get your money!" Mir Sadiq had already set this timing with the British...
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the British would return and they would come with even greater force! And they couldn't be stopped by swords alone; he needed something the enemy didn't have!
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This was calculated murder, it was like opening the door and inviting the thief in!
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A technology that was about to change the map of future wars. What was that technology?
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There was no one to stop them! No one to fire a bullet! The fort, which hadn't been conquered for months was captured in just 10 minutes!
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Until the 18th century, wars were mostly fought hand-to-hand, with swords, horses, heavy cannons, and yes, short-range guns!
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The Sultan dropped the morsel right there... picked up his sword without washing his hands and ran towards his horse!
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European armies had the best guns, the best discipline, and they were sure they were far ahead of Asia in the technology race!
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But in that moment in that final, decisive moment, he had two paths! One path was life, escape through the secret passages of the fort but that held humiliation...
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But on the battlefields of Mysore, they faced a surprise beyond their wildest imagination! Just imagin...
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May 4th, 1799. It was 1:30 in the afternoon! The sun was overhead and the fate of Seringapatam had been decided!
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The traitors had done their job, the fort wall was breached... and the British army was pouring into the city!
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This was no longer a war, it was a massacre! The enemy army, seething outside for months was now playing a game of blood inside the city!
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Tipu Sultan who had the chance to save his life... could have gone to the jungles to regroup his army but he refused to run!
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Now he had his sword, his rifle... and he was heading towards where the enemy had entered the city!
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This wasn't a king's decision, this was a soldier's decision, he couldn't leave his army to die!
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Then, he fought like a lion! History tells us that Tipu targeted several British officers with his rifle!
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He was fighting shoulder to shoulder with common soldiers... but the enemy's numbers were overwhelming!
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They were coming like ocean waves one wave after another! Tipu’s loyal companions Raza Ali and Syed Ghaffar were martyred right before his eyes!
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Now the Sultan was alone! Fighting, he reached a small gate of the fort, known as the Water Gate!
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Piles of bodies lay here, the path was blocked! The Sultan was trying to mount his horse when suddenly...
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a bullet hit his horse it fell, and the Sultan wounded, fell into the mud and blood!
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His body had multiple gunshot and bayonet wounds! Blood was flowing fast! This was the moment when time seemed to stop...
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The Sultan’s loyal servant Raja Khan, who had fallen with him, begged while weeping: "Sultan! For God's sake, tell the enemy who you are! The British will take you prisoner, but your life will be saved!" This was the final offer!
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On one side was life but slavery! On the other side was death, pain but freedom!
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Tipu Sultan looked at his servant with a blood-soaked face... and said that historic sentence, which remains the principle of every honorable human being today: "It is far better to live one day as a lion than a hundred years as a jackal"
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Tipu Sultan refused to surrender... he was in such a state that he couldn't even stand...
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but his eyes still held the same awe and majesty! Moments later, a few British soldiers arrived...
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they didn't know who this man lying in the mud was. They thought he was some wealthy military officer!
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A greedy British soldier spotted the precious belt tied around the Sultan's waist! He bent down to snatch it and the Sultan who was near death...
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whose body was pierced gathered his last breath and strength... His honor could not tolerate an enemy touching his body!
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He swung his sword and struck the soldier's hand... The lion, even while dying was hunting!
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The soldier screamed in pain and then in response, another soldier aimed his gun... and from point-blank range shot the Sultan in the temple!
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The Tiger of Mysore was martyred! The last lamp of India's freedom was extinguished! The man who was a symbol of terror for the entire British Empire...
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now lay motionless in the dust of Seringapatam! The day passed, night fell looting was rampant in the city!
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British soldiers were raiding homes, women were being violated! But their commanders, General Harris and Lord Wellesley were worried!
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Because they couldn't find the Sultan, and until the Sultan was found... they couldn't be sure of their victory!
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They knew if Tipu survived and escaped, he would return as a storm! In the darkness of the night, piles of bodies were searched by torchlight...
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each body was identified and finally, near the Water Gate they found him, Tipu Sultan’s body!
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History bears witness that even hours after death... his body was warm and the sword was still gripped so tightly in his hand that it was difficult to remove!
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And the most terrifying thing? His eyes were open! There was such majesty on his face that at first, the British thought he was still alive! They stepped back in fear!
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They checked multiple times before touching the body... and then General Harris confirmed the death...
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took a deep breath, removed his hat and said: "India is ours today!" They knew the real and greatest enemy was dead!
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Now from Bengal to the Deccan, there was no one to stop them! Tipu's death was not just the death of a king...
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It was the death of resistance, it was the death of hope! The British buried him the next day with full military honors...
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because they knew how to value a brave enemy! But during the burial a strange event occurred!
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Black clouds covered the sky... and such a terrifying storm hit Seringapatam that British tents were uprooted and trees were torn from the ground!
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Locals say that on that day, even the sky was crying! Tipu Sultan had a strange habit, he used to write down his dreams!
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These dreams were even published in written form... and translated from Persian into various languages of the world!
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In "The Dreams of Tipu Sultan," a very strange dream is recorded... which he saw in 1786, meaning 13 years before his martyrdom!
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Tipu Sultan writes: "I saw in a dream that it felt like Judgment Day and no one cared for anyone else...
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In this difficult time, a very strong and majestic stranger... with a bright face and red beard and mustache, came to me, took my hand, and asked...
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'Do you know who I am?' I said no, I do not know. Upon this, he said to me: 'I am Ali Murtaza (RA), and the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) is saying repeatedly that...
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I will not step into Paradise without you, I will wait for you... and I will enter Paradise only with you.' My joy knew no bounds...
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and then I woke up! All powers belong to Allah Almighty... and the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) is the Intercessor on the Day of Judgment!" Tipu Sultan left this world with the dignity that a king should!
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And he left behind a legacy that the British could never erase! But the question is are we the custodians of this legacy?
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Or are we still in the clutches of those Mir Sadiqs, who opened the doors of the fort from the inside?
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After the Fall of Seringapatam, the British looted the city! They didn't loot gold first, they didn't loot diamonds instead, they first seized Tipu's laboratories!
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They took 600 rockets and all the manufacturing equipment... loaded them onto ships, and took them to Britain!
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They were sent to the Royal Woolwich Arsenal... where a British scientist, William Congreve, dismantled these rockets...
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analyzed them and reverse-engineered them to make his own rockets, named the "Congreve Rocket"! These same rockets were later used by the British against Napoleon Bonaparte...
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and used against America in the War of 1812! The red glare of rockets mentioned in America's national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner"...
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"The Star-Spangled Banner"... refers to these very rockets! Meaning, the foundation of today's modern rocket and missile systems...
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was laid by a Muslim king of Mysore! Anyway after the rocket labs, Tipu Sultan's treasury was also looted...
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his throne was broken into pieces... his library's rare books were sent to London... including the famous automaton known as "The Tiger of Tipu"!
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An automaton is a mechanical device that moves like a living being... When this strange tiger was operated, it would maul a British soldier...
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and the device would produce sounds of the tiger roaring and the soldier screaming! Perhaps that is why the British wanted to erase Tipu's name and trace...
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They wrote many books on him, portraying him as a fanatic... showing him as a stubborn rebel but did they succeed?
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Absolutely not! Today, 200 years later, a painting hangs in the headquarters of NASA in America, showing Tipu Sultan's army raining rockets on the British!
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Meaning even NASA acknowledges that the technology used to conquer the world today... to step on the Moon and Mars, its first blueprint was made not in Europe, but in Seringapatam!
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Even in death, Tipu proved that Muslims are not just a nation of emotions... but can be heirs to science and technology too!
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On the other hand, look at the fate of those who made deals with the British!
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Mir Sadiq history writes that just hours after the war ended... he was recognized in the streets of Seringapatam!
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His own people surrounded him and right there brutally killed him! His body lay there for days people would come, spit on it, and leave!
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Today, Mir Sadiq's name has become an abuse! A shameful curse! "Jafar from Bengal, Sadiq from Deccan, A shame to humanity, a shame to faith, a shame to the nation." Tipu Sultan said: "It is far better to live one day as a lion than a hundred years as a jackal"
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Today, 225 years later history is proving this sentence! Tipu chose only one day of life but that life has not ended to this day!
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Tipu Sultan’s story teaches us one lesson: Nations survive not by resources but by ideology!
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And nations that sell their ideology remain on the map... but history declares them dead!
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The decision is yours, whether you want a hundred years of a jackal's life... or the difficult but honorable and dignified, one day of a lion!
Topics:Tipu SultanTiger of MysoreHyder AliAnglo-Mysore WarsBritish East India Company18th century Indiamilitary rocketsSeringapatam TreatyIndian resistancecolonial history
