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Perhaps this was history’s darkest night and its coldest morning too! The city gates opened, and a king emerged!
Explore the 800-year Muslim rule in Spain, the rise of Al-Andalus, and the tragic Fall of Granada marking the end of Islamic civilization there.
Key Takeaways
- The Fall of Granada marked the tragic end of a rich 800-year Muslim civilization in Spain.
- Al-Andalus was a historical example of cultural coexistence and advanced knowledge during Europe’s Dark Ages.
- Internal division and decadence among Muslim rulers were key factors in the decline of Andalus.
- The loss of Islamic Spain involved not only military defeat but also forced religious conversion and cultural erasure.
- The story of Andalus remains a powerful lesson about the rise and fall of civilizations and the importance of unity.
What the video covers
- The video narrates the Fall of Granada, marking the end of 800 years of Muslim rule in Spain and the extinguishing of Islamic civilization there.
- It recounts the arrival of Tariq bin Ziyad in 711, who led a small army to a decisive victory that opened Spain to Muslim rule.
- Al-Andalus became a beacon of knowledge, culture, and tolerance, with Cordoba as its magnificent capital boasting a vast library and advanced institutions.
- The Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman I established the Umayyad government in Spain after fleeing Abbasid persecution.
- The era of La Convivencia saw Muslims, Christians, and Jews living peacefully together in Andalus.
- Internal strife and fragmentation in the 11th century led to the decline of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of 22 small kingdoms.
- The Muslim rulers became indulgent and divided, weakening Andalus from within and paving the way for its downfall.
- The video highlights the self-destructive cycle of internal conflict and external threats that led to the Fall of Granada.
- The final chapter discusses the forced conversions, ethnic cleansing, and cultural erasure of Muslims in Spain after the fall.
- It ends with reflections on the lasting legacy and the sorrowful loss of Islamic Spain, emphasizing that the love for Andalus endures.
Chapters
- 00:00The Fall of Granada: End of an Era
- 01:00The Mystery of Disappearing Muslims in Spain
- 02:09Tariq bin Ziyad’s Arrival and Victory
- 04:03The Naming and Glory of Al-Andalus
- 05:16The Great Library and Scholars of Cordoba
- 06:15Abd al-Rahman I: The Falcon of Quraish
- 07:25La Convivencia: An Era of Tolerance
- 08:37The Decline and Fragmentation of Andalus
- 09:37Internal Conflict and the Fall of Muslim Spain
- 11:37The Final Fall and Forced Conversions
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
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In his hands were the keys to the city, and in his eyes were tears!
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Tears for losing a centuries-old empire! He handed the keys over to the enemy... thus, not just a government had ended...
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but the funeral of an entire civilization had taken place! The light of Islam was extinguished in the land...
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such that even today, centuries later, it could not be rekindled! This was the day of the Fall of Granada...
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The darkest day of Muslim history! In history, empires end, kings change, systems change; this all happens in history!
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But what happened in Andalus, what happened in Islamic Spain was not routine but a mystery!
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Muslims ruled there for 800 years! Yes! 800 years! But today not a trace of Islam is found there...
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Today there isn't a single local Muslim there whose ancestors were Muslims of that era?
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How is this possible? How can an entire nation, millions of humans disappear? Did they run away? Were they killed? Or were they forced to change their religion?
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This is Islamic history’s greatest secret, and today on Dareecha, we are unveiling this very secret!
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And in this attempt, we will reach that one piece of paper... which came out of Spain almost 300 years later...
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and made the entire Muslim world weep! This is Muslim history’s most beautiful... yet most painful story, the story of a lost paradise...
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This is the story of Andalus! How painful the end of Spain’s story was... we can estimate from its magnificent beginning!
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The year was 711! Europe, which is today one of the world's most developed regions, was in its Dark Ages at that time!
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There was ignorance here, barbarism, filth, and yes! There were many wars against each other too!
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In this darkness, a stranger arrived at the gate of modern-day Spain... a young commander; his name was Tariq bin Ziyad!
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He crossed the sea from the coast of Africa with an army of only 12,000...
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and reached the shores of Spain! Now, what was in front of him? An unknown land and the Gothic King Roderic’s army of nearly one hundred thousand!
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This army might have been smaller... because as you know, history is written by the victors...
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so to make their history look more magnificent, a huge difference between the two armies is always shown!
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But one thing is certain... Roderic’s army was on home ground, and the home crowd was with him too!
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Tariq bin Ziyad was well aware of this fact... that is why he made that decision, which perhaps no one else in history has made!
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Now, whether this is reality or not, it is said that he ordered that the ships we arrived on...
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should be set on fire! There was astonishment in the soldiers' eyes... if the ships burn, how will we go back?
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Here Tariq delivered that famous speech... which is still considered a masterpiece of Arabic literature!
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"O people, where is the escape?" "The sea is behind you and the enemy is in front of you!" "Now there are only two paths: Either victory or martyrdom!" Tariq bin Ziyad essentially turned his soldiers into cornered tigers!
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And as you know, when a lion is backed against a wall, its strength increases 10 times!
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So on that day, 12,000 Muslims cut down an army many times their size! In such a way that even King Roderic was killed and with that, the door to Spain opened!
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This was not just a victory, we can call it the turning point of European history!
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Because Tariq bin Ziyad did not just bring a sword... he brought knowledge, civilization, and the light of Islam!
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And within the next few years... the footsteps of Muslims reached the northernmost regions of Spain, and even up to France!
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And once settled, they named this land: Al-Andalus! Where one city, in its splendor, majesty, and construction...
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left even Baghdad and Damascus behind! A city that people called "The Ornament of the World"...
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meaning the jewelry of the world! Its name was: Cordoba! Let’s go back one thousand years in time...
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If you were in London or Paris at that time, what would you find? Streets you couldn't pass without stepping in mud...
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where there were piles of filth and dirt! Where bathing was considered a sin! Where reading and writing was only the job of priests!
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That is why this is called Europe’s Dark Ages! But at that exact time in Spain, there was a city like Cordoba, which seemed like a city from another world!
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The streets here were paved, and even at night, lamps were lit to keep them illuminated!
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There were 700 baths here, there were hospitals where treatment was free! And above all, there was knowledge!
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In the Great Library of Cordoba, there were 400,000 books... imagine, four hundred thousand books!
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That too at a time when Europe’s great kings didn't even know how to write their own names!
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There were surgeons like Al-Zahrawi here, who were performing operations in that era! There were philosophers like Ibn Rushd here...
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who were explaining Aristotle’s philosophy to their students! But how did all this happen? Behind this is the story of a young man, who made the impossible possible!
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His name was: Abd al-Rahman I... whom history calls "Saqr Quraish," meaning The Falcon of Quraish!
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He was the prince who fled the city after the Fall of Damascus in the year 750!
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But why? Because the Umayyad rule had ended... and there was an order to kill every single member of this family in the city!
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Abd al-Rahman was also an Umayyad prince... his death warrant had also been issued! That is why he ran from there, he was alone, unarmed...
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Syria, Palestine, Egypt, no one gave him shelter anywhere... because giving shelter to any member of the Umayyad family meant...
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inviting direct war with the new Abbasid government! Hiding through the deserts of Africa, Abd al-Rahman...
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finally reached his maternal home in modern-day Morocco! And here he made that plan... through which a new Umayyad government was formed...
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that too at the last corner of the Islamic world in Spain! I will not go into much detail, Abd al-Rahman I will be discussed in a detailed video!
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In short, Abd al-Rahman and his successors built a government in Andalus... that we can call Spain’s Golden Age!
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Here Muslims, Christians, Jews all lived together in peace! History calls this era "La Convivencia," meaning living together!
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Yes! Back then Andalus had become such an example of tolerance... that Europe had never seen before!
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But as they say, everything changes with time! The famous historian Ibn Khaldun also said that every civilization and every empire has a natural cycle!
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One generation goes through a great struggle, achieves something... finds its place in history... but the next generation falls into luxury, stops working hard, their unity ends...
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and after that, no one can stop the decline of the coming generations! And since the topic of today’s video is the Fall of Granada...
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I will skip the entire era of rise, and come straight to this topic! That the light from Cordoba which was illuminating the whole world...
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who extinguished it? Not by any storm, not by any gale but by the Muslims themselves!
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A time came when the state of Andalus broke into pieces... and every king was setting new world records of luxury in his tiny palace!
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They are called "Muluk al-Tawaif" in English, "The Party Kings"! Learn this lesson of history well: no country, no empire...
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even a superpower is not destroyed by external attacks until it has died from within!
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Exactly this happened in Andalus! After spreading light in Europe for nearly four hundred years...
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in the 11th century, this state fell victim to fragmentation! Civil war tore it to pieces, the Umayyad Caliphate of Spain ended...
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and on its corpse, 22 small, tiny states were formed! Spain was not such a big country that 22 states and 22 kings could run on it?
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Understand that now every city had its own king! Granada had a separate king! Seville separate, Toledo separate, and Valencia separate!
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And who were these kings? Not warriors but each one more hedonistic than the last!
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This era of Spain’s history i
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These Kings would sit in their palaces... clink glasses of wine, listen to poetry in fact, they would even speak in poetry!
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They were lost in dance and music... they had no sense of what was happening across the border!
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In their view, government did not mean service, it meant luxury! And the real tragedy was not even that they were divided, broken...
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or were indulging in luxuries! The real tragedy was that they became thirsty for each other's blood...
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and to quench this thirst, they did things that history will never forgive! Just look at this scene and imagine!
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It is the Battle of Cabra in 1079... on one side is the state of Seville and on the other is Granada...
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both are standing against each other and both have their Christian allies with them! Yes! When they fell short of troops, they would ask the Christian Kings of the north for help!
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Saying, "I need to defeat such and such state... you give me an army, I will give you gold in return!" This was called: Parias meaning Tribute!
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History’s most sordid deal! All the gold of Andalus... the earnings of centuries of Muslim hard work...
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slowly went into the treasuries of Christian Kingdoms in this way! Those Christian Kings also used to laugh at these foolish Muslim rulers!
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The King of Castile, Alfonso VI, used to say: "These Muslims are gold mines for me...
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I will make them fight amongst themselves take their money... and then wait for them to get weak!" This was a self-destructive loop!
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Muslims were shedding Muslim blood and paying Christians to do it! Yes! They were raising their own killers...
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thinking they were doing politics, playing a political move... but the reality is that they were digging their own graves!
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And then that day finally arrived, which was feared! In 1085 almost 50 years after the end of the Umayyad Caliphate in Spain!
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When Alfonso saw that the Muslims had now become hollow... he raised his army and besieged the most important...
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strongest and most beautiful city of the Muslims, Toledo! Now no one was coming to help, everyone was busy saving their own chair!
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And thus without any major war, the Fall of Toledo happened! Mosques turned into churches!
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Libraries went into the possession of the ignorant! Understand this event as the first nail in the coffin of Andalus!
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This was not just one city falling into enemy hands... this was the breaking of Andalus's defensive shield!
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Now the path was open... now Christian armies were reaching the gates of Cordoba and Seville!
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The Party Kings began to see their death clearly... their gatherings of luxury turned into mourning!
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Now they understood what they were doing... they had destroyed their own protectors themselves! Here they had only one path: Call the new power present in Africa from across the sea for help!
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These were the Almoravids... whom we call Murabitun, these were desert people, tough warriors, whose leader was: Yusuf bin Tashfin!
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An old but brave leader who lived in tents, not palaces! And these Party Kings of Andalus were worried that if they called Yusuf...
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and even if he defeated the Christian army... he would snatch our kingship too! But this was a decision of life and death...
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they had to choose one thing, they had to decide... and the King of Seville, Mu'tamid, said...
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"It is better to herd camels for Yusuf bin Tashfin in Africa than to herd swine in Castile!" This one sentence reveals their helplessness and their final decision!
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And then the decision was made, they called Yusuf bin Tashfin for help! Then in 1086, The Battle of Zallaqa took place!
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A decisive battle in European history! On one side was the heavy army of The King of Leon, Alfonso VI...
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with whom the states of Castile and Aragon were also joined! On the other side were Yusuf bin Tashfin’s light-footed but fast desert warriors...
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with whom all these Party Kings were also present! Alfonso was very arrogant about his power...
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so much that he wrote a letter to Yusuf saying... "You have crossed the sea, you must be tired so I give you a chance to rest!" Yusuf gave the answer on the battlefield!
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He divided his army into three parts and surrounded Alfonso from all four sides! Muslims fought such a battle that Alfonso barely escaped with his life...
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only 500 of his soldiers survived! This was a huge victory, Andalus was saved! Muslims caught their breath, Allah gave them a chance to mend their ways!
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But what do you think, did they learn their lesson? Absolutely not! This is the biggest tragedy of this story that as soon as the danger was averted...
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Yusuf bin Tashfin went back to Africa... these Party Kings returned to their same old line!
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The same luxuries, the same conspiracies and yes! The same secret treaties with Christian kingdoms!
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They wasted the second life they had received with such difficulty! They forgot that Yusuf bin Tashfin would not come again and again!
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And they also forgot that the enemy is only wounded, not dead! Such a decline does not come because of an enemy...
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this decline comes from within... this was a cancer that had spread inside the Muslims!
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Sectarianism, selfishness, and trading the entire Ummah for small and short-term benefits! And when this cancer spread completely...
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there was no Yusuf bin Tashfin in the world to save them! One by one, every state finished under the advancing footsteps of the Christian kingdoms!
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Now only one outcome remained, The Fall of Granada! But wait a minute! In this chapter, what we have seen and heard so far...
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it seems like this has happened somewhere else too! Yes! This story was repeated in India too but why was the result so different?
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How did Islam survive in India and how was it erased in Andalus? This is the mystery without solving which we cannot understand the Fall of Granada...
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let’s talk about this mystery first! Look at these two regions on the world map...
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these are two completely distinct regions... they have no direct link with each other... but there came a part in history where the story of both was exactly the same!
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These are India and Andalus, meaning Spain! Both places where Muslims came as conquerors... Tariq bin Ziyad in Spain and Muhammad bin Qasim in India...
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followed by Mahmud Ghaznavi and Shahabuddin Ghori! In both places, Muslims were in the minority...
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there the Christian population was larger and here the Hindu majority! And in both places, Muslims ruled for centuries...
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almost 800 years in Spain and roughly the same period in India! And in both places, power was snatched from them...
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but after that, why was the result so different? Today Hindus are in the majority in India but in this same region...
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India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh combined are home to more than 600 million Muslims! Power was snatched from them but the nation remained! ...
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Their Calls to Prayer (Adhan) remained! But Spain? There, after 1492 within 100 years of the Fall of Granada...
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the name and sign of Muslims was erased! Today, perhaps hardly any descendant of the Muslims of that era survives as a Muslim there...
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But why? After all, how was the Islam of India saved and how was the Islam of Andalus erased?
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The answer to this is not in any sword but is hidden in social roots!
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The truth is that Islam in India did not spread through kings at all! With apologies, from Mahmud Ghaznavi to Bahadur Shah Zafar...
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no King tried to preach or spread Islam although this is the job of any Muslim state...
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whatever the reasons may be but in India, Islam spread solely through the efforts of Sufis!
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These were people like Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti, Ali Hujwiri, and Nizamuddin Auliya... who made a place in the hearts of the masses!
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They did not hate the local people, they embraced them! They adopted the local language, adopted local dress understood the local culture!
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Result? Islam permeated the soil of India! It did not remain a foreign religion but became India’s own religion!
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The non-Muslims here also accepted Muslims as part of their society! This was the power of integration!
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But what happened in Andalus? There too, even during the era of La Convivencia, there was peace...
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but integration was nowhere to be seen! This was the biggest difference between India and Spain!
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The Muslim rulers and elite class there, always considered themselves Arab or Berber! And the local Christians there always considered them "Moors", meaning outsiders...
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even after so many centuries! Social integration did not happen at that level there as it happened in India!
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Then the biggest difference was also of the enemy! In India, the Hindu society was badly divided...
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there was a caste system... they had no central religious institution that would organize and fight against the Muslims!
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But in Spain, the conditions were completely different! There, the Muslims were not just up against Kings...
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they were up against the Catholic Church! An institution that was very organized, powerful too and yes! religiously fanatical as well!
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The Church had planted in the minds of the local people that Muslims are occupiers...
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it is very necessary to expel them from Spain! That is why they started that war which was not a political war...
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but religious, rather Ethnic Cleansing! In India, when the Mughals became weak the British came!
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The British needed land, they had nothing to do with religion! That is why they let the Muslims live!
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But in Spain, when Muslim governments became weak... their contest was with enemies whose slogan was...
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One King, One State, One Religion! There was no place for "the other" there! This is the difference!
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In India, Islam had become a tree whose roots were very deep in the ground...
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that is why even the biggest storm could not knock it down! But in Andalus, perhaps Islam was like a delicate plant in a beautiful flowerpot...
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whose roots were not outside the pot! That is why when the storm came... the pot broke and the plant died!
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This is the lesson of history that tells us that only forts and armies do not save nations...
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nations are saved when they make a place in that land and in the hearts of its people!
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So when the roots weakened in Andalus termites ate the trunk then only a final push was needed!
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And that push came in 1491! The Siege of Granada began, the last lamp was about to be extinguished!
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The year 1491! A Muslim state once spread from France to Spain and Portugal had now shrunk to just one city!
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This was Granada, the last fortress of Muslims in Spain their last refuge! At whose gates now stood Spain's two most powerful rulers!
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Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile! They had married to merge their states for only one purpose: The elimination of Muslims from Spain!
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The city was besieged months passed! Grain ran out inside the city! People were forced to eat horses and dogs!
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Children were crying from hunger, mothers were suffering! But the biggest drama was not happening in the streets of the city...
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but inside the palace of Alhambra! Where two mindsets were clashing! On one side was the Sultan Abu Abdullah (Boabdil)!
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A weak, scared and perhaps a King who considered himself a realist! He was saying...
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"We no longer have the power to fight!... If we do not lay down arms, this Christian army will slaughter the whole city so we should make peace!" But on the other side, there was a voice such a thundering voice...
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that shook the walls of the court! This was Musa bin Abi Ghassan, the Commander of Granada!
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In whose veins perhaps the blood of Tariq bin Ziyad was running! He looked at the Sultan and the ministers and said: "Do not deceive yourselves, the enemy will not keep any promise made to us...
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right now the least fearful thing for us is death!... I fear that day when our children will be forcibly made Christians...
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when bells will ring in our mosques and our mothers and sisters will be humiliated!" And then he said in a thundering voice: "For me, the grave is a better place, rather than seeing Muslims being humiliated!" Musa was more of a realist than Abu Abdullah...
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he knew what happened in Toledo... he knew what happened in Cordoba where the Muslims' greatest Mosque of Cordoba was turned into a church...
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the courtiers surely knew this too... so silence fell over the court upon hearing this speech...
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and then the decision was made! No! Not the decision you are thinking... The nobles, ministers of Granada and the Sultan himself chose life...
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chose humiliation while Musa picked up his sword and left the court alone! History tells that he sat on his horse and rode alone into the enemy army...
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and was martyred fighting! According to some historians... he jumped into a nearby river so that even his body would not fall into enemy hands!
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Honor finally departed from the land of Granada! And then came that ominous day January 2, 1492!
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The city gates were opened! Sultan Abu Abdullah came out with his head bowed! And handed the keys of the city to Ferdinand and Isabella!
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The flag flying on the highest tower of Alhambra was taken down... and a silver cross was put up!
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The land of which Muslims were masters for 800 years... now they had become tenants!
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Abu Abdullah went into exile with his family... and while leaving, turned from a hilltop to look at his beautiful palace, his city...
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his lost paradise for the last time! And tears flowed from his eyes! This hill is still called "Suspiro del Moro" today, meaning in English "The Moor's Sigh"...
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meaning the Muslim's last sigh! Here Abu Abdullah’s old mother said that to him... which is still history’s greatest taunt!
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"Do not weep like a woman for this empire which you could not defend like a man!" Granada ended with the Fall of Granada, the Muslims' Al-Andalus ended!
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And this did not prove to be just the end of a government... but became the beginning of the biggest Geo-political Shift in world history!
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Because on that very day in this very court of Ferdinand and Isabella... another man was also standing, who had a plan to change the map of the world in his hand!
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His name was Christopher Columbus! In January 1492, the Fall of Granada happened... and in that very month in the same palace of Alhambra, such a deal was signed...
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which changed the world forever! An Italian sailor stood before the King and Queen, Christopher Columbus!
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He had been going to every King in Europe for years and begging... "Give me three ships! I will find the route to India by going West!" But every King refused him...
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no one had enough spare money to bet on a madman's dream! Spain had also made him wait for six years...
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because all their money was being spent on destroying Granada! But now when Granada was conquered...
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their biggest enemy, the Muslims were gone from their land... now Queen Isabella was happy and rich too!
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She looked at Columbus and said... "I sponsor your voyage!" Just understand this connection... The Fall of Granada became the reason for Columbus's voyage!
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If the Muslims hadn't lost... then perhaps Columbus would never have got the ships... and America might not have been discovered for many years, perhaps centuries!
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So in August 1492, Columbus set out on his famous journey... and in October he reached a "New World"!
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He couldn't find India, but he had certainly won a much bigger lottery! He found two new continents of gold and silver for Europe!
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This proved to be history's biggest power shift because in the next 100 years... Spain and then the rest of Europe looted so much wealth from America that Europe’s fate changed!
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This became the fuel for Europe’s Industrial Revolution and this wealth gave them that power...
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with which they enslaved the whole world even the Muslim world! It is an irony that our decline opened the path for their rise!
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We were weeping over losing a peninsula, the Iberian Peninsula... but in return, they had won two continents!
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The balance of power which was in favor of the East for thousands of years...
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tilted towards the West not forever, but perhaps for a very, very long time! But the story does not end here!
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America was discovered, Muslim rule ended in Spain... but what happened to those millions of Muslims who were left behind in Spain?
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Those who were promised that they would get religious freedom? What happened to them... was perhaps history’s first Holocaust happening centuries before the Second World War!
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And from the ashes of this cruelty... such a piece of paper was recovered which made the whole Islamic world weep!
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Ferdinand and Isabella’s promise to give religious freedom to Muslims was solely a deception! The agreement made was that Muslims are being guaranteed not just their property, assets, and income...
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but they can also go to North Africa and if they want to return and settle in Spain again...
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they will be permitted. Neither will mosques be taken from Muslims, nor minarets, nor the Muezzin...
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and their religious institutions and endowments will not be interfered with! But all this was a lie!
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Conditions kept worsening from day one... until in 1499, a large bonfire was lit in the main square of Granada...
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and not wood, but books were thrown into it! Millions of Muslim books Quran, Hadith, Science, Philosophy...
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everything was burnt to ashes! These were not just papers, a nation's capital was burning!
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And then in 1502, a royal decree was also issued! The remaining Muslims were ordered to either become Christians...
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or leave this country, otherwise be ready to die! Millions of Muslims fle but those who were poor, who couldn't run...
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were forced to become Christian! And even after leaving everything... these converts got nothing, their name itself was considered an insult...
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"Moriscos" meaning Little Moors, meaning small Muslims! Restrictions were placed on them that they will not wear Muslim-like clothes...
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will not eat Halal slaughtered animals and yes! will not build baths either! And to implement this, an institution was formed...
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Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition! This was one of the most dangerous institutions made in human history...
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think of it as a whole network of spies! If a person was caught bathing on a Friday...
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he would be picked up on suspicion that "Is he a Muslim at heart?"... because bathing is a sign of Muslims!
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Speaking Arabic and giving children Arabic names was essentially an open death sentence! Those who were caught on whom the "crime" of being Muslim was proven...
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were burnt alive or their bones were broken, and they were put to death through torture!
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Due to this fear, Muslims started living a double life! They would live as Christians outside...
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but in the basements of their homes, in the darkness of the night, they would remember Allah secretly!
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This fear, this terror did not last a few years, not a few decades but almost a century!
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In between, the Moriscos also staged some rebellions... which were brutally crushed and then in 1609...
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these last remaining people were also expelled from Spain! Approximately three hundred thousand such people...
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whose three or four generations had lived as Christians... had to leave their homeland forever!
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Understand that the last sign of Islam from Spain was also finished... apparently it seemed so, but as they say, love never dies!
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In the year 1884, that is, almost 400 years after the Fall of Granada... in a small Spanish village Almonacid, an old house was being repaired!
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Laborers broke a wall and a secret compartment came out from inside it... inside which were various handwritten copies of the Quran...
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and with them was that piece of paper too, which astonished everyone! It was in the Spanish language but the script was Arabic which is called Aljamiado!
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This was the language that Moriscos used secretly! And what was written on this paper?
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No calculation of property, no address of a treasure but a Naat was written on it!
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Just think, what must have been the state of the one who wrote this Naat!
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This piece of paper was from at least the 17th century... meaning one hundred and fifty years after the Fall of Granada!
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During this time, many generations must have passed... mosques had long become churches... there was a strict ban on the Arabic language!
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But even then there were parents... who must have been secretly telling their children who our Prophet is?
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Who would be that mother... who, under the shadow of the Inquisition's sword... lit the candle of the love of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in her child's heart?
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Who would be that father... who must have willed at the time of death that...
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"Son! Never forget the Kalima in life!" This was not a piece of paper... this was proof that you can enslave bodies...
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you can burn them... but you can never erase the love residing in the heart...
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No fire in the world, no Inquisition can erase the love of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from the hearts of Muslims!
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Spain's Muslims finished... but their last sob is alive even today in the form of this Naat!
Topics:Fall of GranadaAl-AndalusMuslim SpainTariq bin ZiyadAbd al-Rahman ICordobaLa ConvivenciaUmayyad CaliphateIslamic historyAndalusian civilization
