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Supported by: Protocol Labs.
Explore the future of the universe from the Anthropocene era to the death of stars in this 4K timelapse journey to the end of time.
Key Takeaways
- The future of the universe is shaped by predictable cosmic and planetary events based on scientific understanding.
- Earth is undergoing rapid changes that will have long-lasting effects on its environment and life.
- Stars, including our sun, have finite lifespans and will eventually die, leading to a dark, cold universe.
- White dwarfs and dead stars will be the last remnants illuminating the cosmos before complete darkness.
- Human actions today have significant consequences for the near-term future of Earth.
What the video covers
- The video explores the future of Earth and the universe through a scientific lens, starting from the Anthropocene era.
- It highlights the rapid environmental changes and geological events shaping Earth's near future.
- Key cosmic events such as asteroid impacts, supernovae, and planetary changes are depicted.
- The sun's lifecycle is detailed, including its expansion into a red giant and eventual collapse into a white dwarf.
- The video explains the gradual death of stars and the cooling of the universe over time.
- It describes the degenerate era, where the universe becomes a cosmic boneyard of dead stars and black holes.
- The illumination from white dwarfs is portrayed as the last light in a dark, empty cosmos.
- The video emphasizes the exponential passage of time, doubling speed every five seconds to cover vast timescales.
- It underscores humanity's impact on Earth and the profound effects of current actions on the planet's future.
- The journey concludes with the universe ending not with a bang but a whimper, fading into eternal night and cold.
Chapters
- 00:00Introduction and Future Questions
- 00:19Philosophical Reflection on Darkness and Silence
- 00:39Exploring the Future of the Universe
- 00:52Journey Through Time Begins
- 01:13Anthropocene Era and Earth's Changes
- 03:41Environmental and Geological Events on Earth
- 09:05Cosmic Events and Star Life Cycles
- 20:00Sun's Death and White Dwarf Formation
- 21:43Death of Stars and Universe Cooling
- 26:16Degenerate Era and Cosmic Boneyard
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
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What does our future hold?
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Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence...
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- Helen Keller
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What does the future look like?
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How will the universe meet its end? We may never be truly certain. But science has begun to paint a stunning picture of how the future might unfold.
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Let's take a journey to the end of time. We will travel through time exponentially, doubling our speed every 5 seconds.
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The vision of the future will surely evolve as we probe for more clues. But one thing is clear: The universe has only just begun.
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2019 [Anthropocene era]
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2020 [Anthropocene era]
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2021 [Anthropocene era]
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2021 The Holocene has ended. [Anthropocene era]
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2021 The Holocene has ended. [Anthropocene era]
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2022 The Holocene has ended. [Anthropocene era]
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2023 The Holocene has ended. [Anthropocene era]
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2023 [Anthropocene era]
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What we do now, and in the next few years, will profoundly affect the next few thousand years.
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The only conditions modern humans have ever known so far are changing. And changing fast.
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Nothing stays the same on this planet. Everything changes. The Earth is going into one of these jumps,
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and you don't know what is going to be on the other side of those jumps.
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The Earth is always jumping.
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[Earth's magnetic field flips]
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[Earth's magnetic field flips]
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[Comet Hale-Bopp returns]
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[Drastic sea level rise]
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Things move on this planet.
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[Drastic sea level rise]
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Things are not still!
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Everything is turning.
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[30 meter asteroid impact]
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[30 meter asteroid impact]
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[Antares goes supernova]
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[Sahara becomes tropical]
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[Constellations begin to wander]
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[Voyager I passes nearby star]
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[Interglacial period ends]
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[Supervolcano eruption]
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[New Hawaiian island appears]
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[New island chains]
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[Apollo footprints fade]
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[Betelgeuse goes supernova]
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[Stone monuments erode]
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[Deadly gamma ray burst]
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[Mars moon becomes a ring]
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[Saturn's rings vanish]
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[Antarctica melts]
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[Major asteroid impact]
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[New supercontinent]
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[Sun increases luminosity]
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As it begins to run out of fuel,
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[Sun increases luminosity]
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As it begins to run out of fuel,
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[Photosynthesis ceases]
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the sun won't simply fade away to nothing.
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[Photosynthesis ceases]
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the sun won't simply fade away to nothing.
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[All plant life dies]
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[All plant life dies]
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[Oceans evaporate]
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Its core will collapse,
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[Oceans evaporate]
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[Oceans evaporate]
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and the extra heat this generates
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[Oceans evaporate]
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will cause its outer layers to expand.
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[Oceans evaporate]
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will cause its outer layers to expand.
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[All life dies]
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[All life dies]
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[Sun expands]
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[Sun becomes red giant]
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[Earth destroyed by the dying Sun]
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[Sun becomes a White Dwarf]
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The sun is now dead.
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[Sun becomes a White Dwarf]
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Its remains slowly cooling
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[Sun becomes a White Dwarf]
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in the freezing temperatures of deep space.
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The fate of the sun is the same as for all stars. One day, they must all eventually die, and the cosmos will be plunged into eternal night.
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All stars eventually will run out of fuel.
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[Stars begin to die off]
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[Stars begin to die off]
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The temperature of the universe drops.
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[Stars begin to die off]
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[Stars begin to die off]
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Stars, one by one, in the night sky,
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will turn off. And there will be no more new stars created.
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And so the universe will end not with a bang, but with the whimper.
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And not in fire,
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[Last Red Dwarf stars die]
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[Last Red Dwarf stars die]
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but in ice.
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[Last Red Dwarf stars die]
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[Last Red Dwarf stars die]
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[Degenerate era]
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"With the death of the last sun, the age of starlight comes to an end."
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[Degenerate era]
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[Degenerate era]
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"The universe becomes a cosmic boneyard, strewn with remnants of dead stars."
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"The universe becomes a cosmic boneyard, strewn with remnants of dead stars."
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"Our Sun becomes a White Dwarf - a hot, dense, shrunken stellar corpse."
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With no fuel left to burn, a white dwarf's faint glow comes from the last residual heat from its extinguished furnace.
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Looking at it from where the Earth is now, it would only generate the same amount of light as the full moon on a clear night.
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The faint glow of white dwarfs will provide the only illumination in a dark and empty void littered with dead stars and black holes.
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In some ways, it's kind of a ghost universe. It's the corpses, the zombie stars, that will take us into the future.
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"Over time, gravity ejects dead stars and planets from their galaxies, sending them out into the freezing void."
Topics:future of the universeAnthropocene erasun lifecyclecosmic eventstimelapseend of timewhite dwarfstar deathEarth changescosmology
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