Speaker A
Japan आज दुनिया के सबसे विकसित देशों में से एक माना जाता है। इसके साफ-सुथरे रास्ते, बुलेट ट्रेन, तकनीकी उन्नति, रोबोट, अनुशासन, ये सभी ऐसे स्तर के हैं जिनकी आज हर कोई प्रशंसा करता है।
जापान की राख से उठकर विश्व की तीसरी सबसे बड़ी अर्थव्यवस्था बनने की प्रेरणादायक कहानी।
Key Takeaways
- जापान की आर्थिक पुनरुद्धार में अमेरिकी सहायता और कोरियाई युद्ध का बड़ा योगदान था।
- सरकारी नीतियों के साथ-साथ जनता की मेहनत और जिद ने जापान को सुपरपावर बनाया।
- तकनीकी उन्नति और अनुशासन जापान की सफलता की मुख्य कुंजी हैं।
- शीत युद्ध की राजनीतिक परिस्थितियों ने जापान की आर्थिक नीतियों को प्रभावित किया।
- कठिनाइयों के बावजूद निरंतर प्रयास से कोई भी देश महानता हासिल कर सकता है।
What the video covers
- द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद जापान आर्थिक और सामाजिक रूप से पूरी तरह तबाह हो गया था।
- अमेरिका ने जापान पर कब्जा कर देश को कमजोर करने की नीति अपनाई, लेकिन शीत युद्ध के कारण नीति में बदलाव हुआ।
- कोरियाई युद्ध के दौरान अमेरिका ने जापान से बड़े पैमाने पर युद्ध सामग्री खरीदी, जिससे जापान की अर्थव्यवस्था को पुनर्जीवित करने में मदद मिली।
- 1949 में डॉज लाइन नीति लागू हुई, जिससे महंगाई नियंत्रित हुई लेकिन बेरोजगारी बढ़ी।
- जापानी जनता की मेहनत, लगन और जिद ने जापान को विश्व की शीर्ष अर्थव्यवस्था में बदल दिया।
- टोयोटा जैसे उद्योगों ने अमेरिकी युद्ध सामग्री के आदेश से पुनरुद्धार किया।
- जापान ने अनुशासन, तकनीकी उन्नति और नवाचार के माध्यम से वैश्विक स्तर पर अपनी पहचान बनाई।
- सरकार ने शिक्षा और कौशल विकास पर जोर दिया जिससे उद्योगों को कुशल श्रमिक मिले।
- जापान की आर्थिक सफलता को 'जापानी चमत्कार' कहा जाता है।
- यह कहानी आज के AI क्रांति जैसे युग में भी प्रेरणा देती है कि कठिनाइयों में भी अवसर खोजे जा सकते हैं।
Chapters
- 00:00जापान की वर्तमान स्थिति और पिछला संघर्ष
- 01:04युद्ध के बाद जापान की तबाही और आर्थिक संकट
- 02:12अमेरिकी कब्जा और मैकआर्थर की नीतियाँ
- 04:25शीत युद्ध और जापान की आर्थिक नीति में बदलाव
- 05:42डॉज लाइन और जापान की आर्थिक मंदी
- 06:49कोरियाई युद्ध और जापान की अर्थव्यवस्था का पुनरुद्धार
- 08:50टोयोटा और जापान के उद्योगों का पुनरुत्थान
- 10:14जापानी चमत्कार और भविष्य की सीख
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
Speaker A
लेकिन क्या आप कल्पना कर सकते हैं, सिर्फ 80 साल पहले, इसी जापान में लोग भूखे मर रहे थे।
Speaker A
और अखबारों में, सरकारी विशेषज्ञ लोगों को सिखा रहे थे कि वे लकड़ी और चूहे को भोजन के रूप में कैसे खा सकते हैं।
Speaker A
लोग अपने कपड़े, घड़ियाँ और गहने बेच रहे थे ताकि भोजन मिल सके। दूसरे विश्व युद्ध में, जापान के 66 बड़े शहर राख में तब्दील हो गए थे।
Speaker A
90 लाख लोगों के पास घर तक नहीं था। जापान को हराने के बाद, अमेरिका ने पूरे देश पर कब्जा कर लिया।
Speaker A
और स्थिति इतनी खराब थी कि उस समय अमेरिकी जनरल डगलस मैकआर्थर ने दुनिया को घोषणा की कि जापान अब चौथी श्रेणी का राष्ट्र बन गया है।
Speaker A
लेकिन फिर, केवल 23 साल बाद, जापान दुनिया की तीसरी सबसे बड़ी अर्थव्यवस्था बन गया।
Speaker A
राख से उठकर दुनिया की शीर्ष अर्थव्यवस्था बनने की यह यात्रा आधुनिक इतिहास में किसी भी देश के लिए सबसे बड़ी वापसी मानी जाती है।
Speaker A
और इसे जापानी चमत्कार कहा जाता है। नमस्ते, इसे समझने के लिए हमें समय में वापस जाना होगा, वर्ष 1945 में।
Speaker A
दूसरे विश्व युद्ध में, जापान की 1/4 राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति नष्ट हो गई थी। टोक्यो के 65% घर राख हो गए थे।
Speaker A
ओसाका में 57%, नागोया में 89%। यह स्थिति सभी बड़े शहरों में थी। और फिर आए परमाणु बम।
Speaker A
अमेरिका ने पहला बम हिरोशिमा पर गिराया। और फिर 3 दिन बाद नागासाकी पर। केवल इन दो बमों से 2 लाख से अधिक लोग मारे गए।
Speaker A
लेकिन सबसे बड़ा संकट जापान की आर्थिक तबाही थी।
Speaker A
औद्योगिक उत्पादन दूसरे विश्व युद्ध के चरम पर केवल 20% रह गया था। टोक्यो में सरकार के पास केवल तीन दिन का चावल बचा था।
Speaker A
और वित्त मंत्री ने खुद कहा कि लगभग एक करोड़ लोग भूख से मर सकते हैं।
Speaker A
स्थिति ऐसी थी कि सरकारी विशेषज्ञ अखबारों में लोगों को चावल, मूंगफली के छिलके और लकड़ी खाने की सलाह दे रहे थे।
Speaker A
प्रोटीन के लिए, रेशम के कीड़े, चूहे और सांप खाने की सलाह दी जा रही थी। पूरा देश काले बाजार पर जीवित था, जहां चावल आधिकारिक कीमत से 30 गुना महंगा बिक रहा था।
Speaker A
उस समय इसे बांस के तने जैसा अस्तित्व कहा जाता था, क्योंकि जैसे बांस की परतें एक-एक कर गिरती हैं, लोग अपनी जीवन की परतें एक-एक कर बेच रहे थे सिर्फ खाने के लिए।
Speaker A
सभी निर्णय अमेरिकी जनरल डगलस मैकआर्थर द्वारा लिए जाते थे, जिन्हें जापानी लोग ब्लू-आईड शोगुन कहते थे।
Speaker A
सम्राट हिरोहितो, जिन्हें कुछ दिन पहले तक जापान में भगवान माना जाता था, जब वे मैकआर्थर से मिले, तो वे इतने नीचे थे कि उनके हाथ कांप रहे थे।
Speaker A
यह वह क्षण था जब इस देश का गर्व पूरी तरह टूट गया। सबसे चौंकाने वाली बात यह थी कि इस कब्जे की लागत भी जापान को ही चुकानी पड़ रही थी।
Speaker A
एक ओर लोग भूखे मर रहे थे और दूसरी ओर, देश के बजट का केवल एक तिहाई हिस्सा अमेरिकी बलों को युद्ध समाप्ति के नाम पर दिया जा रहा था।
Speaker A
अमेरिका की योजना सरल थी। जापान को इतना कमजोर करना कि वह फिर कभी खतरे में न आए।
Speaker A
तो 1947 में, उसने जापान पर एक नया संविधान लागू किया। अनुच्छेद 9 में लिखा था कि जापान हमेशा लड़ाई का अधिकार त्याग देगा और कभी भी कोई सेना नहीं रखेगा।
Speaker A
लेकिन फिर मार्च 1947 आया। अमेरिका और सोवियत संघ एक शीत युद्ध में उलझ गए थे।
Speaker A
उन्होंने अपनी सेनाओं को तैयार किया ताकि इतिहास के सबसे अमूर्त संघर्षों में से एक, शीत युद्ध, लड़ सकें।
Speaker A
एक बार मानचित्र पर नजर डालिए। जापान का स्थान देखिए। एक तरफ सोवियत संघ था, जो पहले से ही कम्युनिस्ट था।
Speaker A
और दूसरी तरफ चीन था, जहां कम्युनिस्ट सेना जीत रही थी। अब अमेरिका डर रहा था कि अगर जापान भी कम्युनिस्ट बन गया, तो पूरा एशिया उनके कब्जे में आ जाएगा।
Speaker A
अमेरिका के शीर्ष रणनीतिकार जॉर्ज कैनन ने भी 1948 में एक रिपोर्ट प्रकाशित की कि मैकआर्थर की नीतियां और बर्बाद अर्थव्यवस्था जापान को अंदर से कम्युनिज्म के लिए कमजोर बना रही थीं।
Speaker A
अमेरिका यह जोखिम नहीं ले सकता था। इसलिए उसने अपनी नीति रातोंरात बदल दी। 9 अक्टूबर 1948 को, राष्ट्रपति हैरी ट्रूमैन ने NSC 13-2 नामक दस्तावेज को मंजूरी दी।
Speaker A
इसमें कहा गया कि जापान में अमेरिका का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य उसकी आर्थिक पुनरुद्धार होगा। लेकिन समस्या यह थी कि जापान की अर्थव्यवस्था दो हिस्सों में थी।
Speaker A
एक था सरकारी सब्सिडी और दूसरा था अमेरिकी सहायता। इसके अलावा एक और बड़ी समस्या थी, महंगाई, जो 1947 में 195% तक पहुंच गई थी।
Speaker A
क्या आप ऐसी महंगाई की कल्पना कर सकते हैं? इसलिए इसके लिए, 1949 में अमेरिका ने डॉज लाइन नामक नई नीति लाई।
Speaker A
इसमें सभी सब्सिडी बंद कर दी गईं और सरकारी ऋण भी निलंबित कर दिए गए। अप्रैल 1949 में, मुद्रा का एकल विनिमय दर भी तय किया गया।
Speaker A
1 डॉलर के बराबर 360 येन। इसे जानबूझकर थोड़ा अधिक रखा गया ताकि जापानी निर्यात विश्व बाजारों में सस्ता रहे।
Speaker A
और कुछ वर्षों बाद, यह महंगा होना बंद हो गया। लेकिन इससे नुकसान भी हुआ। कंपनियों ने कर्मचारियों को निकालना शुरू कर दिया।
Speaker A
अब लोगों के पास न तो नौकरी थी और न ही पैसा। अगर पैसा नहीं था, तो मांग नहीं थी। और अगर मांग नहीं थी, तो उत्पादन नहीं था।
Speaker A
जापान की पूरी अर्थव्यवस्था रुक गई। और 1950 की शुरुआत में, जापानी अर्थव्यवस्था मंदी की ओर बढ़ रही थी।
Speaker A
जापान को कहीं से मांग की जरूरत थी। और फिर, अचानक, यह मांग आई।
Speaker A
और पूरी कहानी बदल गई। यह मांग कहां से आई? इसे जानने से पहले, आपको समझना होगा कि भाग्य साहसी लोगों का साथ देता है।
Speaker A
जापान की फैक्ट्रियां, इसके इंजीनियर, इसके मजदूर, समय से पहले तैयार थे। और अगर उस दिन, भाग्य जापान की बजाय किसी और देश के साथ होता, तो हम यह परिणाम नहीं देख पाते।
Speaker A
और यह नियम आज भी नहीं बदला है। हम भी एक समान स्थिति का सामना कर रहे हैं, जिसे AI क्रांति कहा जाता है।
Speaker A
एक तकनीक जो हमारी पीढ़ी की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण तकनीक बन गई है। फर्क यह है कि ज्यादातर लोग इसका लाभ नहीं उठा रहे हैं।
Speaker A
AI केवल कुछ सवाल पूछता है और लोग सोचते हैं कि काम हो गया। लेकिन AI की असली ताकत इतनी बड़ी है कि कल्पना करना मुश्किल है।
Speaker A
AI की मदद से, आप बिना एक भी लाइन लिखे पूरी कार्यशील वेबसाइट बना सकते हैं।
Speaker A
आप प्रेजेंटेशन और रिपोर्ट बना सकते हैं। आप AI से अद्भुत एनिमेशन बना सकते हैं। आप पूरी गाने भी बना सकते हैं।
Speaker A
और मैं आपको ये सब कुछ अपनी 3 घंटे की लाइव AI मास्टरक्लास में सिखाऊंगा।
Speaker A
ये सबसे महत्वपूर्ण AI टूल्स हैं। इसमें शामिल होने के लिए तकनीकी पृष्ठभूमि की जरूरत नहीं है।
Speaker A
अब तक 1.5 लाख से अधिक लोग इसमें शामिल हो चुके हैं। और उनमें से 80% से अधिक ने कहा कि उन्होंने अपेक्षा से अधिक सीखा।
Speaker A
अगली मास्टरक्लास रविवार, 6 सितंबर को होगी। और इसकी कीमत अभी भी दो मूवी टिकटों के बराबर है।
Speaker A
अगर आप लाइव शामिल नहीं हो सकते, तो रिकॉर्डिंग भी 7 दिनों के लिए उपलब्ध है। इसलिए शामिल होने में देरी न करें।
Speaker A
नीचे लिंक विवरण में है। या आप इस QR कोड को स्कैन कर सकते हैं। अब चलिए अपने विषय पर वापस आते हैं और समझते हैं कि किस अवसर पर 25 जून 1950 को उत्तर कोरिया की सेना ने दक्षिण कोरिया पर हमला किया और कोरियाई युद्ध शुरू हुआ।
Speaker A
उत्तर कोरियाईयों ने दक्षिण की राजधानी सियोल पर पूरी तरह से तैयार हमला किया। अमेरिका ने भी दक्षिण कोरिया के समर्थन में युद्ध में भाग लिया।
Speaker A
हम साम्यवादी गुलामी का घृणा करते हैं। हम जानते हैं कि स्वतंत्रता की कीमत अधिक है, लेकिन हम अपनी स्वतंत्रता को किसी भी कीमत पर बनाए रखने के लिए प्रतिबद्ध हैं।
Speaker A
अब अमेरिका को ट्रक, यूनिफॉर्म, मशीन पार्ट्स, हथियारों की जरूरत थी, और जापान कोरिया के सबसे नजदीकी देश था।
Speaker A
इस समय, अमेरिका ने जापान से बड़े पैमाने पर युद्ध सामग्री खरीदना शुरू कर दिया। जून 1950 से 1953 के अंत तक लगभग 2.3 बिलियन डॉलर की खरीदारी हुई।
Speaker A
यह संख्या इतनी बड़ी थी कि 1945 से 1951 तक जापान को अमेरिका से अधिक वित्तीय सहायता मिली।
Speaker A
और यह पैसा जापान के लिए जीवनरेखा साबित हुआ। जापानी अर्थव्यवस्था पटरी पर वापस आ गई।
Speaker A
फैक्ट्रियों का उत्पादन शुरू हुआ। नौकरियां आईं और लोगों को पैसा मिलने लगा। केवल दो वर्षों में, औद्योगिक उत्पादन 70% बढ़ गया।
Speaker A
और निर्यात 2.5 गुना से अधिक बढ़ गया। दिसंबर 1951 तक स्टॉक मार्केट भी 80% से अधिक स्थिर हो गया।
Speaker A
अमेरिका द्वारा युद्ध के लिए खरीदे गए ट्रकों ने जापान के ऑटोमोबाइल उद्योग को पुनर्जीवित किया।
Speaker A
टोयोटा, जो बंद होने के कगार पर था और अपने कर्मचारियों को निकाल रहा था, अचानक अमेरिका द्वारा 4,600 से अधिक ट्रक बनाने का आदेश मिला।
Speaker A
और कंपनी फिर से खुल गई। टोयोटा के अध्यक्ष...
Speaker A
Accepting the treaty terms, he pledges that Japan is a new nation dedicated to peace, democracy and freedom.
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At that time, India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had opposed this treaty. He believed that this treaty would not fully restore Japan's sovereignty.
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The treaty was a guarantee that some islands of Japan would still be in the control of America, and some occupation forces could still live in Japan.
Speaker A
Later in 1952, India signed a separate treaty with Japan. Now, the help of the Korean War and America did kickstart Japan's economy.
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But no government aid made Japan a superpower. It was made a superpower by the passion, hard work and stubbornness of the people there, who refused to bow down to the system and the circumstances.
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After the bomb dropped in Hiroshima, 15 out of 49 citizen schools in the city were completely destroyed.
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Only one out of 30 middle schools was left and seven colleges were destroyed. But even then, the education of the children did not stop.
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in May 1946 in a burning school field under the open sky the first class was set next month another In the burnt down building of the former school, three teachers started teaching 37 children.
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There was no bench, no blackboard, no books. A defeated country was sitting in a ruins and teaching its children from a new start.
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The same inspirational story is of the villages. Before the war, about 70% of Japan's farmers would not own their land, but someone else's.
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And 50-70% of the crops were given to the landlord. In 1946, the Land Reform Law was introduced.
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The law stipulated that the government would buy land from the landlord, and sell it to the farmers who worked hard on it.
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But can you guess who implemented it? The farmers themselves. More than 11,000 village land commissions were formed in the country.
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The farmers of the villages themselves would select them. And these committees decided which land belonged to whom.
Speaker A
This encouraged the farmers. The country's Finance Minister had predicted the death of 1 crore people, by 1950, the food shortage had ended.
Speaker A
The changing symbol of Japan's place in the Far East. Once it was a symbol of destruction, today, we look upon it with hope, as a symbol of stability.
Speaker A
And the same stubbornness was seen in the automobile industry, which is still known as Japan.
Speaker A
After many years of the Second World War, Japan's car production was stopped. In 1950, America produced 66 lakh passenger cars.
Speaker A
Whereas in Japan, only 1,600 cars were produced. In the 1950s, most people in Japan believed that the country didn't need its own automobile industry.
Speaker A
The government said that Japanese car companies couldn't compete with foreign companies. But some people refused to believe it.
Speaker A
One of them was Toyota's founder, Kichiro Toyoda. In the 1940s, when there were restrictions on making cars in Japan, at that time, Kichiro Toyoda said that factory on the road, will keep moving forward until it falls.
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And will make products that will not be inferior to anyone. In 1957, Toyota sent its two best cars, Crown and Crown Deluxe, as an experiment to America.
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But when these cars were tested on the highways of America at high speed, the engine started making strange noises, vibrations occurred and parts broke down.
Speaker A
The quality control was so bad that in June 1958, 30 Crown cars were sent to America without headlights.
Speaker A
Toyota's official history itself believes that the performance of the initial cars was not worth selling in America.
Speaker A
In America, Toyota's cars were seen as a joke, they were laughed at. But Toyota also learned from this defeat.
Speaker A
A new production system was started and today it sells the most cars in the world.
Speaker A
smaller numbers of parts to be used when it needed them, allowing the company to operate on a tighter budget.
Speaker A
By the way, the story of this company is so interesting that a separate video can be made on it, that what laws the company implemented within itself that made it possible.
Speaker A
But there is another similar story of Masuru Ibuka. Masuru Ibuka started in 1945 in a burnt building of a department store in Tokyo, from a radio repair shop.
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Later in 1946, along with Navy Lieutenant Akio Morita, he started a new company with a capital of only 1.9 lakh yen.
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His first product was an electric rice cooker, which was so bad that Ibuka named it as failed prototype number one.
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Let's call this failed prototype number one. And then in 1952, they went to America and found out that the Western Electric Company was selling its new invention, the transistor's production rights.
Speaker A
Transistor is a small electronic component made of silicon which boosts electrical signals to increase their power Nowadays, it is used in every device from phones to laptops Ibuka was a small company, they didn't have that much money The Japanese government had already refused to help them
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The government had said that this would be foolish that advanced technology like a transistor is not the same as a small factory bus.
Speaker A
But still, somehow, Ibuka succeeded in getting the rights to make transistors. And for the first time, Ibuka made a radio out of this transistor.
Speaker A
In September 1955, their company launched Japan's first transistor radio, TR-55. And after 2 years, the world's smallest transistor radio, TR-63 came.
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This radio could fit in the pocket of a shirt. That's why it was also called pocketable radio.
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You won't believe it, this radio hit America so hard that to meet the Christmas demand, the company had to book charter planes.
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And at the same time, a watch company in America offered them an order of one lakh radios.
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But on the condition that the brand name of the radio would be on it.
Speaker A
Because no one knew about this company. It was a huge offer for a small company.
Speaker A
But Akio Morita rejected this offer. , can you guess which company this was? This was Sony.
Speaker A
The same Sony that is one of the world's largest electronics companies. Now, a question will come to your mind.
Speaker A
Whether it is Toyota or Sony, these are the examples of individual companies. The owners of these companies must have done something that made them successful.
Speaker A
What is their connection with the story of Japan? , the connection is that this story is not only of these two companies.
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This is the story of the entire Japan at that time, which refused to accept defeat.
Speaker A
Toyota and Sony are just two examples, there are no shortcomings in many such examples.
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Honda's founder Soichiro Honda, a son of a iron man and a mechanic himself, who started a garage in a wooden hut in 1946.
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In fact, the government wanted to limit car manufacturing to only a few big companies.
Speaker A
But Soichiro Honda refused to follow the government's instructions. Now, it is not that the Japanese government did not want to help these people.
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The problem was that in the 1950s, Japan had very little foreign exchange, i.e. dollars.
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So the government only gave dollars to some selected industries and companies to import goods.
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But as Japanese companies progressed, they also brought in foreign exchange with them and the shortage of dollars began to increase.
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Apart from this, there was a high growth rate and jobs were created. The situation was that by the mid-1950s, Japan's economy had exceeded the level of the Second World War.
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But at this point, Japan's infrastructure was still insufficient. And Japan could not grow much further without fixing it.
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And at this time, the man who was the most important person in the growth story of Japan entered the picture.
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A man who made economic growth the national consensus of the country. He was Japan's Prime Minister, Ikeda Hayato.
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He came up with an income doubling plan in December 1960. The target of this plan was to double Japan's income in the next 10 years.
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And to do this, the most powerful infrastructure was given to increase it. Which Japan needed.
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The country was home to expressways, monorails, bullet trains and highways, and the public infrastructure was also strengthened.
Speaker A
The most important step here was to focus on education and training. Increasing science and technology is the first condition for the development of any country.
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In the 1950s and 60s, Japan spent 21-22% of its total government spending on education alone.
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It was the most in America, Britain, the Soviet Union, and India at that time.
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And as time went by, this spending increased. In 1960, Japan spent 612 billion yen on education.
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Whereas in 1973, this amount had exceeded 5 trillion yen. In other words, in 13 years, their education budget increased by 8 times.
Speaker A
This had a direct impact on the children there. In 1950, only 42.5% of the children in Japan could reach high school.
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In 1975, this amount reached 91.9%. And in education, their focus was mostly on science and technology.
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After World War II, it was decided that the government should focus on science and technology.
Speaker A
That's why in 1951, the government introduced the Industrial Education Promotion Law. And in 1953, the Science Education Promotion Law.
Speaker A
Both these laws aimed at teaching students skills that would be useful in the industry.
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And to promote science education. In schools, science was taught through practicals and experiments. the central government would take half the cost of these equipments.
Speaker A
In 1957, Japan made 8,000 student plans. According to which, the 8,000 seats of science and technology were increased in the next 4 years.
Speaker A
After that, in 1961, 20,000 student plans were brought. In which the seats of science and engineering were decided to be increased by more than 20,000.
Speaker A
And here again, the target was of 4 years, but Japan completed it in 3 years.
Speaker A
Compare it with your country, There are not enough seats in colleges, and government schools are closing down.
Speaker A
In the last 12 years, the government schools have been decreasing in India. Meaning, we are doing the right thing in the wrong way.
Speaker A
And the gas that was coming out of the gutter, we used the same gas to make tea.
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And what happened in Japan? In 1955, the number of students studying science and technology in Japan was 80,000.
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In 1975, it increased to 4 lakh. These graduates had such a high demand that in the 1960s, many years came when every graduate of engineering got a job in Japan.
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And the Japanese government did not leave any trace here. In addition, changes in trade policies also liberalized the entire economy, which helped the private industry.
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And while doing all this, Japan did not forget its poor people. Social security and social welfare were invested so that government help could be delivered to the needy.
Speaker A
The Japanese government and people worked so hard that the income doubling plan that critics were calling fantasy, was achieved in just 6-7 years instead of 10.
Speaker A
Imagine, on one side there are our politicians who show dreams of $5 trillion. They say that they will achieve it by 2022.
Speaker A
In the next 5 years, we can become an economy of $5 trillion. We are not able to achieve it even after many years of delays.
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and there, the target set by Japan was completed in half the time. The target was of 7.8% growth, but Japan's economy increased by 10% every year.
Speaker A
Only this one plan supercharged Japan's economy. That country where there were no jobs after the Second World War, and the income was very low.
Speaker A
There were so many jobs that people became poor. There was a shortage of workers.
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Young people from the villages were filling up in special trains and coming to the factories of the cities, which were called golden eggs.
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But one question here is that all these factories, highways, and bullet trains were built by How did they get the money? Japan had neither oil nor colonies.
Speaker A
The answer to this is the common people there. From 1947 to 1949, the Japanese family's budget was negative.
Speaker A
People were not saving but were eating their savings. But what happened after that was shocking.
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From 1961 to 1986, for 25 years, every year a family was saving more than 15% of its income.
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And by the mid 1970s, this figure had reached 23%. Which means that an average family, was saving 23% of the money they were earning.
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This was the highest number in all the developed countries of OECD. And this savings did not live in the vault of the house.
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It went to the banks and post offices. And from there, it was loaned to the factories that were building Japan.
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And this saving was being taught to people since childhood. In the 1950s, more than 30,000 schools and 80 lakh children were taking part in children's banks.
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That is, Japanese Miracle was not funded by a foreign investor, but by the common people there with a domestic budget.
Speaker A
This was a turning point in the Japanese story. This country was uprooted from the ashes of the Second World War.
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And it announced it in front of the world in 1964. On 1st October 1964, a train leaves Tokyo's railway station.
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Tokaido Shinkansen. It was the world's first bullet train, running at a speed of 210 kmph.
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The Japs call it the bullet. They're super express that thrusts aside all existing ideas of train speed.
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Europe's first high speed train, France's TGV, arrived after 17 years. After the Second World War, the country where homeless people were forced to live in train boxes, made one generation ahead of the technology.
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The effect of increasing science education was now clearly visible. And just nine days after the start of this train, on 10 October 1964, the Olympic Games began in Tokyo.
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The first Olympics in Asia. October 10, 1964. The first nation to ever hold Olympic competition.
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An interesting fact here is that the face of these Olympics was made by Yoshinori Sakai, 19 years old.
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which was born on 6th August 1945 in Hiroshima, the day the atomic bomb fell.
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The city of Hiroshima, which was said to have been a place where grass would not grow for 70 years, was again under attack by the bomb after 3 days.
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It took only 3 days for a dead city to start again. Hiroshima was reconstructed as a peace symbol.
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by 1958, the population of Hiroshima had reached its pre-war level. Hiroshima had returned to its former glory, like a phoenix.
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And this is the story of Japan. By 1968, after Japan, America and the Soviet Union, the world's third largest economy had been formed.
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Between 1946 and 1976, that is, within just 30 years, Japan's economy had increased by 55 times.
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How mind-blowing is this? You can guess from this, that Japan has only 0.3% of the world's land.
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And 3% of the population. But its share in the global economy was 10%. The Japan that was ridiculed for its cheap cars, 22 years later, in 1980, the same Japan left America behind, and became the world's number one car producer.
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6 years later, in 1986, left America behind in the modern industry like semiconductors. And became number one in the market share.
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In memory chips, Japan's share remained 80% for a long time. And it had become Japan's specialty.
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In 1955, the per capita annual income of the country increased from $217 to $24,000 in 1988.
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It was perhaps the highest in the world at that time. The America that had once occupied Japan, started writing books about it.
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that he should learn from Japan. There is a saying in Japan, Nana korobi ya oki means, fall seven times, get up eight times.
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Japan didn't fall seven times, it fell more than that. But every time, it got up more than once.
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This was Hiroshima, immediately after the atomic bomb. People stir and strive for the normal living they once knew.
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There is hope in the air. Perhaps the path from defeat will lead to a better way of living than they have ever known before.
Speaker A
If you want one lesson from this video, be stubborn like the Japanese people. Learn to fall and rise again and again.
Speaker A
Invest in yourself. Educate yourself. And if you want to upskill yourself in the field of AI, don't forget to join the AI Masterclass.
Speaker A
You can click here to join. Or you can find the link in the description below.
Speaker A
And if you liked this video and want to watch more videos like this, then the story of Singapore is also very interesting.
Speaker A
Singapore was once a very poor country. But its turnaround was as miraculous as Japan's.
Speaker A
But there, more credit goes to a politician than the people. You can find out more about it by clicking here.
Speaker A
Thank you very much.
Topics:जापानआर्थिक पुनरुद्धारद्वितीय विश्व युद्धकोरियाई युद्धजापानी चमत्कारटोयोटाअमेरिकी सहायतातकनीकी उन्नतिशीत युद्धध्रुव राठी
