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This is a fuel injector. It sprays gasoline into your engine, and it's just one out of 94 parts that make up an engine. Well, more specifically, that make up the Honda D15 engine. In this video, we're going to assemble a D15 and, along
A detailed 15-minute explanation and assembly of the Honda D15 engine, covering all 94 parts and six key engine systems.
Ask about this video. Answers come from its transcript only — with the timestamp, so you can check them.
Generated from the transcript and can be wrong — check the timestamp.
Key Takeaways
- An internal combustion engine consists of many intricate parts working in unison.
- Proper timing between camshaft and crankshaft is crucial for engine operation.
- Cooling and lubrication systems are essential to maintain engine performance and longevity.
- The Honda D15 engine is a good example to understand basic engine mechanics.
- Fuel injection and electrical systems play vital roles in combustion and engine start-up.
What the video covers
- The video explains and assembles the Honda D15 engine, detailing all 94 parts involved.
- It covers the basic engine cycle: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.
- The engine is broken down into six systems: rotating assembly, timing, cooling, air flow, electrical, and fueling.
- The rotating assembly includes pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, bearings, and flywheel.
- The cylinder block and piston rings form a sealed combustion chamber with oil control and compression rings.
- The engine head contains valves, valve springs, camshaft, rocker arms, and valve stem seals.
- Timing is synchronized using a timing belt connecting the crankshaft gear, camshaft gear, and water pump.
- The oil system includes the oil pump, oil pickup tube, oil pan, and oil filter to lubricate engine parts.
- The cooling system circulates coolant via the water pump to prevent overheating.
- The video also includes a sponsor message for a car odor eliminator product.
Chapters
- 00:00Introduction and Overview of the Honda D15 Engine
- 01:08Basic Engine Cycle and Crankshaft Function
- 02:19Piston Rings and Engine Block Cooling Passages
- 03:27Sponsor Message: Car Odor Eliminator
- 04:48Oil System and Rotating Assembly Components
- 05:56Engine Head and Valve Assembly Explained
- 07:01Valve Operation and Head Installation
- 08:08Timing System and Water Pump Function
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
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the way, explain each and every individual part that goes into it, from the obvious like the pistons to the slightly more obscure, the valve spring retainers. Do you know every single part that goes into an engine? Well, you're
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about to. Let's start with the basics. A piston is attached to a connecting rod via a wrist pin. On the bottom of the connecting rod is a crankshaft bearing. This minimizes wear and allows the connecting rod to rotate
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smoothly when attached to the crankshaft. A rod cap holds the other end of the connecting rod onto the crankshaft, completing the connection. Now, as the piston moves down the inside of a cylinder, it draws in an air-fuel mixture.
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The piston compresses that mixture, which is then ignited by a spark plug. The resulting combustion pushes the piston back down, and then as it returns to top, it pushes out exhaust gases, and the cycle continues, sucking in air and fuel,
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compressing it, igniting it, and then pushing out the exhaust. And that process is what gets the crankshaft spinning, which spins the transmission, which spins the drive shaft, which spins your wheels. Okay, so that's the basics out of the way.
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But to cover each and every part that goes into this engine, we're going to have to break it down into six systems: the rotating assembly, that's the central mechanical system at work; timing, a lot is going on inside an engine and those
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moving pieces need to work in unison; cooling, engines want to get hot, so you need a system to keep them from overheating; air flow, if you want to burn fuel, you need oxygen in the equation; electrical, whether it's a modern car or
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a 50-year-old beater, a functioning engine needs a functioning electrical system; and finally, and maybe most obviously, fueling. Okay, so in order for compression and combustion to take place, we need a strong sealed combustion chamber. That is our engine block, and it
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forms the cylindrical walls of the chamber, while piston rings mounted on the outside of the piston ensure a tight seal. Now, in our case, the top two rings are called compression rings, and they form a seal between the piston and the
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cylinder wall, while the third ring, called an oil control ring, distributes a thin layer of oil on the cylinder so the piston can move smoothly up and down. Now, inside the block are various coolant and oil passages called galleries to help
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keep the engine cool and lubricated. Looking at the engine block upside down, you can see the semicircular cutouts that will house the crankshaft, which are fitted with crankshaft bearings and two thrust bearings that prevent the crankshaft from sliding back and
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forth. Okay, good job, boys, that's pretty cool. Now we have a quick word from our sponsor today, which is Mother's, but you guys can work on getting the pistons put in while I go to the little boy room.
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Okay, I got to take a leak. Bad timing. What's that? Oh, it's the odor eliminator and refresher from today's sponsor, Mother's Polish. It'll destroy 99% of odors from your car, talking mildew, pet smells, old food, anything really. How it
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get out. In just 15 minutes, it'll smell like a brand new car. Yeah, but how does it really work? H M or 9:00 Focus all power on the vents. I love the smell of new car in the
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morning. Just hang on, the mission's almost over. I did good, didn't I? You deodorized the hell. Adam Soldier? No, you know, I have no idea. It just does. In the fight against car stink, Mother's odor eliminator and refresher stands
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victorious. Click the link below to get your car back to fresh. Okay, looking good, boys. All right, now let's pick up the pace a little bit. Holding the crankshaft is a crankshaft support bracket, which uses little Preston dow pins to stay perfectly
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aligned. A rear main seal inside the rear main seal housing keeps oil from leaking out of the back of the engine. If you own a car from the '90s, this is leaking right now in your driveway. Go check it
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out. I'll wait. I'll wait. See, I told you. Now the front main seal is actually situated in the oil pump, and the oil pump is directly powered by the crankshaft. As it spins, the oil is forced through the galleries,
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constantly lubricating all of the engine's components. It is also sent through the oil filter, which catches any contaminants in the oil before getting to those important components. Now feeding the oil pump is the oil pickup tube, which draws oil from the oil pan,
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which is kept sealed with the oil pan gasket. Now, the oil pan is oftentimes called the oil sump, and it's where you'll find the oil drain plug, which lets you drain oil before you do a change. This thing right here, drive-thru
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oil shops hate these things. Okay, let's flip the engine over to get ourselves a proper perspective because the engine is translating the up-and-down motion of the pistons into a rotational motion. That rotational motion of the engine, it
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can get a little jerky, so a flywheel is attached to the back of the crankshaft to help smooth out some of the engine's rotational motion. The flywheel is cast with teeth along the outside of it, and those hook up with a starter motor,
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that's just a small electric motor that gets the engine spinning before combustion can take over. All right, so that covers most of the rotating assembly, but a lot of the action in the engine occurs at the top of the
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combustion chamber in the engine's head. Now, this mounts on top of the engine block with a head gasket, ensuring you got a tight seal. Not only does the head seal off the top of the combustion chamber, it also houses all of the
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intricate pieces that control air flow. Yeah, a lot of pieces. That includes things like the intake and exhaust valves, which let fresh air into the combustion chamber and let waste gases out. The valves are held closed by valve
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springs, which are held in place with valve spring retainers. The valves are pushed open using the camshaft, and our engine, we just have a single camshaft controlling both intake and exhaust, but other engines could have up to four
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camshafts. And the camshaft is made up of offset lobes, so as the camshaft spins, which is inside the camshaft bearings, those lobes push on rocker arms, which pivot on a rocker arm shaft and push on
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the valve. The valve runs through a valve stem seal to keep that oil lubricating this whole assembly and keep it inside the combustion chamber. So as we spin the camshaft, you can see how the lobes push against the valve assembly and the
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valves open and they close. Now, when assembled, the entire valve assembly looks like this. Okay, cool. Now let's put the head on the engine. But where did the engine go? Oh, good job, good thinking. Now let's get that head on. Okay, so we want to make
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sure that air is going into the engine at the right time and exhaust is leaving the engine at the right time. You wouldn't want a valve opening in the middle of a combustion stroke. So in order to synchronize the timing of the
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valves to match the timing of the pistons, we can just synchronize the rotation of the camshaft with the rotation of the crankshaft. So to do that, we need a few gears and a timing belt. A cam gear is mounted to the end of the
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camshaft to time the cams, and a crankshaft gear is mounted to the end of the crankshaft to drive the camshaft. But the timing belt doesn't just turn the cam gear, it also powers the water pump, which is responsible for sending
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coolant throughout the engine block to prevent it from overheating. And we're going to come back to cooling in just a minute, but first we need to keep tension in the timing belt using a timing belt tensioner. And the way we link our cam
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gear, our crankshaft gear, and our water pump gear together so that everything is in time is by usin-
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of our precious valve assembly is protected by valve cover now that the valve controlling our air intake and exhaust are in time and the motion of the Pistons is in time we need to ensure that the combustions happen in time as
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well so like we mentioned earlier each combustion is set off by a spark plug now unfortunately the 12 volts from a car battery isn't sufficient for a spark plug to create an art so an ignition coil uses induction to increase the
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voltage from 12 volts to something like 40,000 volts in our case the ignition coil is found inside a distributor which makes sure each each spark plug Fires at the correct time via the rotor the end of the rotor receives electrical current
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from the ignition coil so as the cam shaft spins the rotor spins and it comes in and out of contact with four terminals in the distributor cap as it touches those terminals an electric current is sent to a corresponding spark
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plug via a spark plug wire and that is what Sparks and ignites our air fuel mixture to create combustion now with all those Sparks going off thousands of time a minute we need to keep the battery charged with an
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alternator now the alternator is held in place by an alternator bracket and an alternator tensioner inside the alternator that is where all the magic is happening an electric current is induced by spinning an electromagnet that electromagnet is spun by the
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alternator pulley now driving that pulley is a harmonic balancer sometimes this would just be a crankshaft pulley but our pulley is integrated into the balancer which helps dampen vibrations in that rotating assembly and the way we get the alternator pulley spinning is by
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means of an alternator belt now with all those little explosions going off every second engines they can get hot like really hot and since the crankshaft is always spinning the water pump will always be spinning as well but sometimes
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like in cold weather you actually want the engine to warm up a bit so this coolant pipe exiting the pump leads to a thermostat housing which houses the thermostat so the thermostat is technically a valve that slowly opens
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and closes depending on the coolant temperature when the coolant is cold the thermostat closes and the coolant is redirected back to the engine to keep warming up as the coolant heats up the thermostat opens directing the coolant out of coolant hoses making its way to
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the front of the car where it enters the radiator and attached to the radiator is a cooling fan which helps dissipate the heat into the air before the coolant returns back to the engine now throughout this process as coolant heats
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up it expands so the radiator cap allows that expansion to happen at a set pressure that the pressure gets too much spring in the cap compresses where coolant will flow over into the coolant reservoir now for an engine to run
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properly the ratio of air to fuel and combustion chamber is absolutely critical so we need control the air flow going to the engine's intake ports right here now starting from outside the car air goes through the air filter which is
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in the air filter housing now this gets rid of any major contaminants before going through the air intake pipe and pass the throttle body now the throttle body houses a butterfly valve that is controlled by the gas Bel and it
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determines how much air gets into the engine the more air the more fuel the faster you can go the throttle body connects to the intake manifold which splits apart into four runners one for each cylinder in the engine next to the throttle body is the
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idle air control valve it's a little bypass valve that can allow more or less air to flow into the intake manifold to compensate for different air temperatures and densities and that helps maintain a smooth idle speed speed now after combustion the exhaust gases
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from each cylinder converge into an exhaust manifold and then they go through a front pipe into a catalytic converter a freaking thieves favorite part of a car where chemical reaction converts really bad emissions into only kind of bad emissions that exhaust gas
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flows through your exhaust pipe reaching the muffler which quies everything down and then finally out the tail pipe now some of the combustion might actually get past the piston rings and into the crank case and in that case the gases
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will be routed through the PCV system which stands for positive crank case ventilation this includes an oil separator which is just a box with baffles to ensure only the blow by gases escape a PCV valve which is just a
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one-way valve and a hose that leads back to the intake manifold that way any potential harmful fumes will have a chance to get burned up during combustion okay so where we at we uh covered rotating assembly timing cooling
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air flow they're just two main pieces left in this puzzle next up we need to talk about the brains of the car the electrical control unit or ECU so the ECU manages nearly all of the electrical functions in your car it also processes
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signals from various sensors to optimize engine performance some sensors are just position sensors that tell the ECU the timing of everything like the crankshaft position sensor the cylinder position sensor and the throttle position sensor other sensors let the ECU know
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information about the elements moving through the engine like the coolant temperature sensor the intake air temperature sensor and the O2 sensor that lets the ECU know how much unburnt oxygen is in the exhaust the manifold absolute pressure sensor or map lets the
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ECU know how much air is getting to the cylinders and all of those sensors are linked together by the wiring harness okay we're almost there we cover the rotating assembly the timing system the intake and exhaust the electrical
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the cooling and the lubrication systems only thing missing from our engine is the fueling as you can guess the fuel starts in the fuel tank gets sucked up by the fuel pump which includes a fuel filter to keep out some of the larger
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contaminants and that pump sends it down fuel lines until it hits the fuel rail at the end of the fuel rail is a fuel pressure regulator to maintain the correct fuel pressure with any excess being sent back to the tank via the fuel
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return line the fuel you want it goes through the injector spraying fuel into the combustion chamber so that your engine can run and that is every yeah we're missing an ejector here you go and that is every single part of an
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engine explained in 14 minutes and 37 seconds thank you guys so much for watching this and everything else at donut we'll see you next time byebye all right really good it's back to school time and guess what Donuts got you covered with our brand
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Topics:Honda D15 engineengine partsinternal combustion engineengine assemblyrotating assemblytiming beltcooling systemfuel injectorvalve trainengine lubrication
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