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Cell Cycle & Division | Class 11 Chapter 10 | Introduction | NCERT Biology | NEET 2024 | EAMCET 2024

Vedantu Telugu's NCERT Class 11 lecture on cell cycle and cell division covers its NEET/EAMCET relevance, significance (growth, reproduction, repair), and the phases of the cell cycle.

Key Takeaways

  • Cell cycle and cell division carry high exam weight (4-5 questions, roughly 16-20 marks) in NEET/EAMCET.
  • Growth, reproduction, and repair are the core significances of cell division.
  • Interphase (G1, S, G2) prepares the cell; the M phase executes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
  • DNA replication occurs in S phase, doubling DNA content without changing chromosome number.

What the video covers

  • The lecture introduces Chapter 10 (Cell Cycle and Cell Division) of NCERT Class 11 Biology, noting 4-5 questions and roughly 16-20 marks from this chapter in NEET/EAMCET exams.
  • It stresses cell division as the highest-priority topic and ties it to inheritance, plant anatomy, and reproduction chapters.
  • Significance of cell division is outlined as growth from a single zygote to multicellular organisms, reproduction, and repair of damaged cells.
  • Cell cycle is defined as the sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, synthesizes other constituents, and divides into two daughter cells.
  • The lesson distinguishes a cycle (same start and end point) from a pathway (different start and end points), using respiration as an example.
  • Cell division can be mitosis or meiosis; DNA replication and cell growth must be coordinated with it to produce progeny with complete genomes.
  • The cell cycle comprises interphase (G1, S, G2) and the M phase, with interphase occupying most of the cycle as preparation for division.
  • The S phase involves DNA replication, doubling DNA content while chromosome number stays the same; the chromatid count changes during division.
  • M phase proceeds through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by karyokinesis and cytokinesis.
  • The lecture notes that cell cycle duration varies across organisms and is not constant, and touches on haploid-diploid life cycles such as male honey bees and plant alternation of generations.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction and exam relevance
  2. 04:41Significance of cell division
  3. 15:00Cycle vs pathway and cell cycle definition
  4. 28:20Interphase and cell cycle events
  5. 41:40S phase and DNA replication
  6. 55:00M phase: mitosis stages
  7. 65:00Cell cycle duration and haploid-diploid life cycles
  8. 68:00Q&A and doubt session

Answers

Questions about this video

How many marks can students expect from the cell cycle and cell division chapter in NEET/EAMCET?

The instructor states there are four to five questions from this chapter, which amounts to roughly 16 to 20 marks. He presents this as the main reason to prioritize the chapter.

What is the difference between a cycle and a pathway according to the lecture?

A process is a cycle when its starting and end points are the same, as with the cell cycle that ends in daughter cells of the same type as the parent. It is a pathway when the starting and end points differ, with respiration given as an example.

What are the three significances of cell division highlighted in the video?

The lecture lists growth (from a single cell to millions of cells in multicellular organisms), reproduction, and repair of damaged or worn-out cells. These are presented as the main functions of cell division.

Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown

00:01
Speaker A
hello Champions welcome to vedanta telephone Master teacher starts now that is cell cycle and cell division cell cycle cell division there are four to five questions that means you have a chance of scoring 16 to 20 marks from this chapter alone
00:26
Speaker A
100 concentration completely okay okay thank you started all clear voice so cell cycle cell division learning just a minute okay okay first thing is four to five questions so which amount to nearly 60 into 20 marks 16 to 20 markets
01:30
Speaker A
this is the first point second Point cell cycle cell division is of inheritance okay no voice just a minute so change this okay yes okay first molecular basis of inheritance only plant Anatomy plant anatomy anatomy of flowering plants or plant Anatomy is
02:47
Speaker A
reproduction yes okay plant reproduction sexual reproduction in flowering plants plant reproduction human reproduction s growth and regulation land growth and regulations of enhancement in food production in the application so these many chapters lonely so so last 10 years they need PDF pattern
03:44
Speaker A
is last five to ten minutes will be a q a session question and answer session doubt session 10 minutes starting questions so let's begin the class today okay first welcome okay and one by one okay okay for you
04:41
Speaker A
so what is the most important part of cell cycle and cell division why should we study it okay cell division is okay that should be our priority no my not to mind that but the second priorities cell division the basics
05:26
Speaker A
eukaryotic organisms but still prokaryotic is still divide binary fission is one of the best examples of prokaryotic cell divisions so prokaryotics how is this happening because the cells in this area will have will undergo active cell division is
06:27
Speaker A
but it's a never-ending process so the cell division the print purposes what are the two purposes of cell division that any insert cell any inserts or any damage cellular mountains what the types of cells are different different types of cells through
06:56
Speaker A
different types of cells digestive system to different types of cells when excretory system no different types of cells excretory systems so you learned different different types of cells for mobile underwater cell cycle into cell division so that is the most important
07:16
Speaker A
significance of cell cycle in cell division so am I clear here okay unit out on the Range learning am I clear all clear yes okay foreign which is haploid and it will fuse with the neck the sperm will fuse with an egg
08:53
Speaker A
okay and this will form a 2N zygote okay all organisms in this world have come from a single cell they have they have come as a fertilized fertilized zygote okay and this zygote which is a single cell single celled
09:52
Speaker A
entity will keep dividing keep dividing and we'll develop into a multicellular organism as human beings and any other animals and plants okay the basic purpose okay now you may wonder how a single cell you may Wonder our single cell then goes
10:13
Speaker A
on to form such large organisms and the pathway the organisms growth and reproduction are characteristics of cells indeed of all living organisms okay indeed what are the characteristics of cells growth and reproduction growth because if any living organisms
10:45
Speaker A
right all cells reproduced by dividing into two with each parental cell giving rise to two daughter cells each time they divide okay practice these newly formed daughter cells can themselves grow and divide giving rise to new cell population that is formed by
11:06
Speaker A
the growth and division of a single parental cell and its progeny dependence in other words such cycles of growth and division allow a single cell to form a structure consisting of millions of cells millions of cells because the numerous cycles of cell
11:29
Speaker A
division happening okay repair and reproduction am I correct sir yes correct growth repair and reproduction okay okay what are the characteristics of cells why cell division should take place why cell division should take place sorry significance of cell division that will
12:15
Speaker A
be more useful significance of cell division cell cycle in the cell division the significance number one growth organism from from a small cell to a millions of cells number two reproduction and last number three very good the last one is repair
12:55
Speaker A
okay growth reproduction and repair growth and multicellular organisms right so these are the basic importance of significances of cell division am I clear here okay am I clear is it clear it is okay next next we'll go to the next slide now okay
13:53
Speaker A
right okay now you put a cell cycle currency one by one marker what is cell cycle cell cycle into cell division what is a cycle basically in biology we'll be learning two terms just a minute in biology okay just a
14:19
Speaker A
minute in biology we'll be learning two terms that is cycle and pathway cycle and pathway okay okay if a process started from a and it ends at a itself it's ending here it's starting here going down down and it's ending here so
15:25
Speaker A
the end points are different if the end starting and the end point is same we call it a cycle if the starting and end point is different we call it a pathway okay the best example for this is mono
15:36
Speaker A
respiration and this chapter so they're going to download likewise okay so you will learn it better when we'll be studying when we'll be studying respiration in Plants okay replication of cells is called as cell division so cells to replicate you know
16:02
Speaker A
DNA replicated okay there's a difference cells and AV divided DNA replicated replication and a copy order and what is getting copied DNA is getting copied again so than the DNA replication term salary division okay remember that all right now next to cell growth
16:25
Speaker A
uh DNA replication cell division constitute of cell cycle sorry okay fine you could further one is started which is a two one cell it is getting divided into two cells okay it is getting divided into two cells of two and into one again this
16:59
Speaker A
will go for undergo further Division and it will give rise to two cells again two and two n so what is happening here okay at the end is so because of this this is the parent cell and these are the daughter cells
17:28
Speaker A
we are ending at a cell itself so that's why we call it as a cycle so while why are we calling it a cycle because once we started with the two ends parent cell where are we ending with we're ending
17:42
Speaker A
with two daughter cells each of two n otherwise so that's why we call it as a cycle okay and the events that take place in this cycle are very much important is we are going to discuss this cycle that
18:00
Speaker A
is happening inside the cell okay okay render the S phase and Dom Ain G2 phase enter input of important ly interface okay um it's preparing preparation what is it preparing for for the cell division that will take place here
18:56
Speaker A
is okay all right Serena trending okay it can be either mitosis or meiosis okay mostly it is mitosis but it can be either mitosis or it can be meiosis that's why we call it as emphasis not because so let there be no confusion with
20:05
Speaker A
respect to that otherwise cell division is a very important process in all living organisms during the division of a cell DNA replication and cell growth also take place okay all these processes cell division DNA replication cell growth hence have to
20:30
Speaker A
take place in a coordinated way to ensure correct Division and formation of progeny cells containing entire genomes okay in range apparent raises are important the sequence of events by which a cell duplicates this genome synthesizes the other constituents of the cell and
21:10
Speaker A
eventually divides into two dot assets is termed as cell cycle e particular sentence let me highlight it for you if possible the sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome synthesizes the other constituents of the cell and eventually
21:33
Speaker A
divides into two daughter cells is termed as cell cycle foreign am I clear am I clear yes genetic material the whole genetic material complete genetic material of a particular in particular munchaloni of particular monthly okay complete amount of
22:57
Speaker A
genetic material in a cell or individual cell and difference we sell the genome anti-cell genomes and the individuals suppose let us say okay with the phases foreign x amount of DNA Okay C amount of DNA there is C amount
24:57
Speaker A
of DNA in the cell before s face after S phase it will become 2C okay foreign will get copied and the amount of DNA just a magnetic just a minute just a minute in S phase DNA content will
26:21
Speaker A
get doubled but but the chromosome number will be same chromosome don't worry okay just a minute so in this phase the amount of DNA double oath on the S character Okay so DNA replication DNA content down Central duplicates
27:04
Speaker A
centriole duplicate of double by applications down to two c to 4C so C and T naughty okay fine okay uh just a minute so important questions okay um just a minute thank you okay turn it is okay listen from here carefully already
28:19
Speaker A
okay let's say okay it's a two and cell it's a diploid difference I think no one has a doubt with respect to n and 2N you know difference uh sorry doubt another foreign haploid deployed until 23 chromosomes 2 and 1946 chromosomes
29:27
Speaker A
like sperm just a minute gametes like sperm and over okay somatic cells normal cells let there be no doubt in that so N means ploidy what is n basically Floyd entry any number of chromosomes n number of chromosomes chromosomes
30:11
Speaker A
only chromosomes only chromosomes so n number of chromosomes 23 chromosomes two and number of chromosomes 46 chromosomes okay so e particular cells chromosomes first interface is Facebook okay fine so for suppose though e particular cell money any particular
30:46
Speaker A
cell money is 100 units 100 units of DNA stimulate 100 units of DNA only 100 units I'm only talking about DNA I'm not talking about chromosomes so Allah entrepreneurs picture the cell will become a little bit bigger because it has to accommodate
31:49
Speaker A
now how much nearly 200 units of DNA so DNA anything and why the DNA has to get doubled because it has to be distributed to both the daughter cells parents sell low 100 units at the end of the division they should
32:15
Speaker A
both have 100 units each other 100 units a hundred hundred units they will be 2N and 2N again is it clear in the is it clear okay is it clearly before s face and after a space before a space ink after S phase now
33:20
Speaker A
okay if you're talking about if you are talking about DNA if you are talking about DNA if you're talking about DNA before S phase let us say the amounts were 100 units and after a space it became 200 units
33:52
Speaker A
foreign if you're talking about chromosomes chromosomes if there were this is the amount of chromosome it was present it will change into like this is the number of chromosomes number of chromosomes didn't change it was same in both okay
34:50
Speaker A
the chromosomes were 2 here and it was 2 here but the number of chromatids will change number of chromatids will change any chromatic Zone type chromosome two chromatids each two Romantics to one minute any chromosomes two chromosomes E2
35:39
Speaker A
chromosomes there are four chromatids okay there are four chromatids in the before chromatid so this complete thing is one chromatic this complete thing is one chromatic this completing this completing again this completing this completely now there is another term known as
36:05
Speaker A
chromosomal arms is any confused chromosomal arms any chromosomal arms chromosome alarms so if we are talking about chromosome alarm there are it is just the double of chromatids so four chromosome alarms Atlanta is it clear is it clear till here
36:40
Speaker A
is there any doubt with respect to that um is there any doubt here clear no is it clear for everyone any questions the chromosome number will not get doubled the chromosome number will be the same okay the number of chromatids
37:37
Speaker A
will double because to accommodate the extra DNA okay okay so two chromatics foreign how do we calculate the chromosomal number in the number of centromeres always let me make it clear just a minute just a minute already okay
39:39
Speaker A
yes okay Serena so yeah that's about it so number of Centrum years let it be as clear as it can be centromere energy replicate the duplicate constant accountants let it be clear sorry okay fine next although the cell growth in terms of
40:50
Speaker A
cytoplasmic increase is a continuous process DNA synthesis occurs only during one specific stage in the cell cycle the replicated chromosomes are then distributed to the dot of nuclei by complex series of events during the cell division these events are themselves
41:06
Speaker A
under genetic control no sir two chromatids have only one centromere yes foreign okay it is this centromeric division will happen in happen in anaphase we'll discuss about it later no need to worry okay so that's about it phases
42:38
Speaker A
a typical eukaryotic cell cycle is illustrated by human cells in culture these cells divide once in approximately every 24 hours so cell cycle the frequency entity what is the frequency of cell cycle what is the frequency frequency okay frequency of cell cycle
43:02
Speaker A
it is 24 hours it is 24 hours okay and this can change now we're talking about human cells here organism s foreign and if we if the same is happening in the East which is a fungi unicellular fungi okay it will happen within 90
43:53
Speaker A
minutes so that's why it will keep we can say that the cell cycle duration the duration of cell cycle will keep changing in the organisms it's not constant it is variable okay this is only in the case of humans
44:07
Speaker A
okay this is only in the case of humans foreign so let's go further into that okay let's go further into this okay and learn learn something from that so the M phase represents the M phase represents the M phase when
45:12
Speaker A
thus actual cell division or mitosis occurs and the interface represents the phase then two successive M phases and take if you think about it okay foreign between two M phases interfaces again the cell will undergo Elvis just a minute
46:44
Speaker A
so this keeps on happening got it clear is it clear yes or no okay right okay so it is right it is significant to note that the 24 hour average duration of cell cycle of a human cell cell division properly
47:28
Speaker A
lasts for only about an hour that is the interface lasts for more than 95 percent of duration of cell cycle is important foreign question cell cycle is it can be divided into two phases that is the interface or the Preparatory phase
48:12
Speaker A
or the m and the M phase emphasis division phase um that means out of 24 hours 23 hours are taken by interface itself so that's the level of preparation the cell will need so that the division will happen properly
48:59
Speaker A
foreign with this we learn a very important thing what is it what is it is we'll move on with that first okay once that common syllabus is done we'll move on to the special classes for mset so let it be as clear as it can be okay
50:19
Speaker A
is now it is useful for both neat and upset my name is so you should understand that okay fine right right immune system immune systems preparations problems Honda that is very much that's the basic thing that we should understand from here okay
52:30
Speaker A
so that's with respect to that's with respect to cell cycle Serena Okay so foreign foreign cytoplasm dividedness cytoplasm is getting divided now karyu can is slowly stages so nice cytokinesis is followed by cytokinesis statement is what you should remember
54:09
Speaker A
karyokinesis is followed by cytokinesis production now important thing is which will be discussing more better in the next class that is number one prophase number two metaphase number three anaphase and number four telophase row of s metaphase anaphase and
55:10
Speaker A
telophase prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase okay at the end matter so these are the four steps so don't worry you could do the M phase starts with a nuclear division corresponding to the separation of daughter chromosomes which is known as karyokinesis and usually
55:32
Speaker A
ends with the division of cytoplasm known as cytokinesis the interface though called the resting phase is the time during which the cell is preparing for division by undergoing both cell growth and DNA replication in an orderly manner sell the growth
55:46
Speaker A
DNA replication okay the interface is divided into further three phases foreign okay so during G1 phase the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA containers [Music] it will increase to 4C of course it is a genetic material no
57:12
Speaker A
doubt about it however there is no increase in the chromosome number as I told you okay if a cell has deployed or to n number of chromosomes at G1 even after s is the number of chromosomes will remain the same that is 2 1. so
57:31
Speaker A
DNA replication begins in the nucleus and the centriole duplicates in the cytoplasm so you get a centrioles okay during the G2 phase proteins are synthesized in the preparation for mitosis while cell growth continues cellular growth continues clear okay
58:02
Speaker A
just a minute cell growth nothing DNA replication energy 4C ultimate okay last Lodge you see in animals in animals centrally duplicate okay last two zero two synthesis of proteins okay in the basics so let it be in your mind
59:38
Speaker A
G1 s G2 m foreign cell cycle sequence or events in cell cycle okay clear sequence entity G1 is J2 and J1 s j 2 okay now foreign foreign [Music] cell division stops still cycle the cycle will not continue
61:45
Speaker A
the cycle will stop the cell cycle will stop and the stage will not continue okay trending many other cells divide away occasionally as needed to replace the cells that have been lost because of injury or shelter injury cells
62:32
Speaker A
then the division will stop again so this is known as percent stage okay it's an inactive stage cell stage under cells in this stage remain metabolically active functions but they no longer proliferate unless called on to do so unless called on to
62:53
Speaker A
do so until proliferation foreign in animals mitotic cell division is only seen in diploid somatic cells mitotic antioxidants however there are few exceptions to this where haploid cells divided by mitosis for example in male honeybees male honey bees haploid cells divide of night due
63:48
Speaker A
to due to haploidiploidy male honey bees haploid cell division against this the plant can show mitotic divisions in both haploid and diploid cells okay from your recollection of examples of alternation of generational plants identify plant species and stages
64:06
Speaker A
at which mitosis is seen in haploid cells okay low visuals mitosis and meiosis mitosis equational division hunting okay though theirs will also be two and the daughter cells will be the same so the ploidy will not change there will be
64:51
Speaker A
equal polyploidy in both parent and daughter cells but in case of meiosis what will happen in meiosis what will happen in meiosis all these four cells have are haploid again and because the ploid is getting reduced to energy reduce
65:39
Speaker A
the parent and these are the daughter cells and these daughter cells are basically gametes reproductive cells okay it's happened it's happening in basically language somatic cells foreign this is happening in reproductive sense of course there are exceptions both
66:14
Speaker A
plants and animals learning mitosis and mitosis the meiosis the exceptions foreign foreign Okay so that's about it particular topic is okay so that's all from my side Champions thank you for watching this session with another exciting session okay with
68:29
Speaker A
mitosis until then good night good night Champions check it out okay that's about it thank you
Topics:cell cyclecell divisionmitosismeiosisinterphaseNCERT Class 11 BiologyNEET 2024EAMCET 2024DNA replicationVedantu

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