Perjalanan Hidup Mohammad Hatta

A detailed biography of Mohammad Hatta, Indonesia's first vice president and founding father, highlighting his education, activism, and political legacy.

Key Takeaways

Mohammad Hatta played a crucial role in Indonesia's independence and early government formation.
His education and activism abroad shaped his nationalist and political views.
Hatta endured imprisonment and exile due to his anti-colonial stance.
He held multiple key government positions but resigned due to political disagreements.
Hatta's contributions continue to be honored as foundational to Indonesia's nationhood.

What the video covers

Mohammad Hatta was a key figure in Indonesia's independence struggle and served as the first vice president.
Born in Bukittinggi in 1902, Hatta came from a religious and merchant family in West Sumatra.
He received a strong Islamic upbringing and pursued education in Padang and later in the Netherlands, studying economics.
Hatta was active in student and nationalist organizations, including the Indische Vereeniging, which evolved into a political movement.
He was arrested multiple times by Dutch authorities due to his anti-colonial activities and imprisoned in the Netherlands and Indonesia.
During Japanese occupation, Hatta co-led the Center of People's Power (PUTRA) and helped proclaim Indonesian independence in 1945.
Hatta served as vice president, prime minister, minister of defense, and foreign affairs, resigning in 1956 due to political differences with Soekarno.
After stepping down, he remained politically active behind the scenes and published critiques of Soekarno's policies.
Hatta passed away in 1980 and was posthumously honored as a Proclamation Hero alongside Soekarno in 1986.
His legacy includes being recognized as a founding father of Indonesia and the Father of Indonesian Cooperatives.

Chapters

Who was Mohammad Hatta and what was his role in Indonesia?

Mohammad Hatta was Indonesia's first vice president and a founding father who played a pivotal role in the country's struggle for independence and early governance.

What were some key events in Hatta's education and early activism?

Hatta studied economics in the Netherlands, was active in nationalist student organizations like Indische Vereeniging, and was arrested multiple times for his anti-colonial activities.

Why did Mohammad Hatta resign as vice president?

Hatta resigned in 1956 due to political differences with President Soekarno, particularly disagreements over the direction of Indonesia's political policies.

Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown

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Muhammad Hatta was a pivotal figure in the struggle for independence and served as Indonesia's first vice president. Hatta was one of the greatest thinkers the Indonesian nation has ever had. Hatta is known as a founding father alongside Soekarno.

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Furthermore, he is also known as the Father of Indonesian Cooperatives. In the struggle for Indonesian independence, Hatta had to endure run-ins with Dutch law and was even imprisoned. Hatta was born in Bukittinggi on August 12, 1902, with the full name Muhammad Attar. Muhammad

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Hatta's father was Muhammad Jamil, a descendant of a Naqshbandi cleric in Payakumbuh, West Sumatra. Meanwhile, his mother was Siti Saleha, who was from a family of merchants in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. From childhood, Muhammad Hatta was educated and raised in a family environment that

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strictly practiced Islam. This is because his grandfather, Abdurrahman Batuhampar, was a prominent religious scholar. When Hatta was 11 years old, he received his primary education at a Malay school in 1913. He completed his primary schooling in 1916. After that,

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Hatta continued his education at the Europeesche Lagere School or ELS in Padang. In 1915, at the age of 13, Hatta actually passed the entrance exam for the Hogere Burgerschool or HBS, which was equivalent to high school in Jakarta. However, his mother wanted

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Hatta to remain in Padang because he was still very young. Eventually, Hatta continued his education at the Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs or MULO in Padang, graduating in 1919. After that, Hatta continued his education at the HBS, graduating with excellent results

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in 1921. Hatta then pursued his studies in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, to study economics at the Nederlandsche Handels-Hoogeschool, which is now Erasmus University. Since his school days in Padang, Hatta had already been active in organizations. He was recorded as having served as the

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treasurer for the Padang branch of the Jong Sumatranen Bond. When he moved to Jakarta, Hatta was active in the Jong Sumatranen Bond central office, serving as treasurer. Meanwhile, while in the Netherlands, Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging in 1922. At that time,

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Hatta served as treasurer. Initially, the Indische Vereeniging, founded in 1908, was a gathering place for students from Indonesia in the Netherlands. However, as the awareness and sense of nationalism grew among the Indonesian students, the organization transformed into a political movement.

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This was driven by the arrival of three figures, namely Suwardi Suryaningrat or Ki Hajar Dewantara, Douwes Dekker, and Cipto Mangunkusumo in 1913. From that moment on, Hatta's thinking flourished due to his habit of attending political lectures. The political figure who

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became Hatta's idol was Abdul Muis. In 1927, Hatta joined an organization or league against colonialism in the Netherlands. There, Hatta met and befriended an Indian nationalist named Jawaharlal Nehru. Hatta's activities within the organization led to him being arrested and imprisoned by the

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Dutch government. Hatta was thrown into prison in The Hague, Netherlands, on September 23, 1927, and was only released on March 22, 1928. He successfully gained freedom after delivering his defense speech, known as Indonesia Free. Hatta returned to Indonesia in 1932. Upon arriving in his

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homeland, Hatta joined the Indonesian National Education Club organization. The organization aimed to increase the political awareness of the Indonesian people through various training sessions. However, Hatta was arrested by the Dutch due to his activities in the Indonesian National Education Club.

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Hatta was arrested along with Sutan Sjahrir in February 1934. He was then exiled to Boven Digoel in West Irian and later moved to Banda Neira in Maluku for 6 years. Additionally, Hatta was also imprisoned in Sukabumi in 1942,

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and was released on March 9, 1942. After the Dutch surrendered and Japan occupied Indonesia, Hatta, together with Soekarno, Ki Hajar Dewantara, and K.H. Mas Mansyur, became leaders of the Center of People's Power, or PUTRA.

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Approaching Indonesia's independence, Hatta was chosen as the vice chairman of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, or PPKI, on August 7, 1945. All of Hatta's thoughts and ideas were dedicated to striving for Indonesian independence. Until finally, on August 17, 1945, Hatta

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accompanied Soekarno in proclaiming Indonesia's independence. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence, Hatta was elected as the first vice president of the Republic of Indonesia, accompanying Soekarno, who became president. Hatta was elected vice president through a PPKI session held

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in Jakarta on August 18, 1945. Besides being vice president, Hatta also served as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense from January 1948 to December 1949. Hatta also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of the Republic of the United States of

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Indonesia, or RIS, from December 1949 until August 1950. Ultimately, Hatta resigned from the position of Vice President on December 1, 1956, after 11 years in office. Hatta resigned as vice president of Indonesia due to differences in political views with

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Soekarno. After that, Hatta remained more behind the scenes in Indonesian political life. He published the book "Demokrasi Kita" to criticize Soekarno's political policies, which were considered to have deviated from democratic foundations. Hatta remained behind the scenes of Indonesian

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politics until the end of his life. He passed away on March 14, 1980, at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. In October 1986, Hatta was awarded the title of Proclamation Hero along with Soekarno.

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I am Brenda Iskarina, Selfie Angriani, and Viskwi Astuti reporting. Holopis Channel, together for Indonesia.

Topics:Mohammad HattaIndonesia independenceIndonesian vice presidentIndonesian founding fathersSoekarnoIndonesian nationalismDutch colonialismIndonesian cooperativesPUTRAIndonesian political history

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