A 'Nathr' is when a person obligates themselves to an act of worship that is not originally obligatory by Islamic law, such as vowing to fast for three days. An 'Ahad' is when a person makes a covenant with God to do or refrain from doing something, like promising to stop drinking alcohol.
Examples of a 'Nathr' include saying, 'I vow to God that I will fast for three days,' or 'I vow to God that I will sacrifice an animal.' Another example is vowing to perform Hajj this year if one has already performed the obligatory Hajj.
The speaker states that an 'Ahad' (covenant) appears to be greater than a 'Nathr' (vow), although a 'Nathr' can fall within the scope of an 'Ahad'. Breaking a covenant is considered a characteristic of hypocrites, highlighting its severe implications.
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