The speaker explains that consciousness is like a stage, and the unconscious (long-term memory) is the audience. The content of our consciousness, which receives the 'spotlight,' is what the unconscious observes and uses to form our long-term memories and synapses.
When a problem is solved, neurotransmitters like dopamine are released from the activated synapses. If a high level of immersion leads to 100 to 1000 times more synapse activation, solving the problem results in a massive release of dopamine, creating an exhilarating feeling.
The speaker states that the 'stage of consciousness' is occupied through a competition of stimuli, where the strongest stimulus wins. If one is trying to study but doesn't understand, the weak stimulus of the study material allows distracting, often negative, thoughts to enter and occupy consciousness.
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