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Al Capone may have reigned over Chicago. Lucky Luciano may have run almost all of New York.
Explore the life of Bumpy Johnson, Harlem's godfather, his rise in the underworld, and his impact on organized crime from the 1930s to 1960s.
Key Takeaways
- Bumpy Johnson was a pivotal figure in Harlem’s organized crime, commanding respect and control over illegal businesses.
- His rise to power was exceptional given the racial discrimination of his time, showing resilience and strategic intelligence.
- Bumpy’s influence extended beyond crime to interactions with police, politicians, and the mafia.
- Understanding Bumpy’s story provides insight into the complexities of race, crime, and power in 20th century America.
- The video combines historical narrative with modern genealogy tools to connect viewers with personal and cultural history.
Summary
- Bumpy Johnson was a dominant African-American gangster in Harlem from the 1930s to the 1960s, controlling illegal activities and influencing police, politicians, and the mafia.
- Born Ellsworth Raymond Johnson in 1905 in Charleston, South Carolina, he grew up in a modest, religious family during a time of intense racial segregation.
- His early life was marked by family struggles, including his brother Willie’s accusation of killing a white man and the threat of lynching.
- Bumpy moved to Harlem at age 14, where he faced bullying but compensated with a tough temperament and intelligence.
- He quickly established himself in Harlem’s gambling and illegal business scene, becoming a key figure who others had to negotiate with to operate.
- The video highlights racial discrimination and the challenges Bumpy overcame to achieve power in a predominantly white criminal underworld.
- The story includes references to other notorious gangsters like Al Capone, Lucky Luciano, and Dutch Schultz, situating Bumpy within the broader American mafia context.
- The video is sponsored by MyHeritage, a genealogy service that helps users discover family history and restore old photos using AI technology.
- Bumpy’s life story is intertwined with historical events and racial tensions of the early 20th century American South and Harlem.
- The transcript includes detailed anecdotes about Bumpy’s childhood, family, and early encounters with crime and racial prejudice.
Chapters
- 00:00Introduction to Bumpy Johnson and Harlem's Underworld
- 02:29MyHeritage Sponsorship and Family History Exploration
- 04:47Bumpy Johnson's Early Life and Family Background
- 07:10Racial Tensions and Family Crisis in the South
- 09:31Move to Harlem and Early Challenges
- 11:41Bumpy's Rise in Harlem's Illegal Businesses
- 19:00Negotiations and Power Struggles in Harlem
- 29:30Bumpy's Legacy and Influence in Organized Crime
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
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But when it came to Harlem, you had no other choice but to deal with Bumpy Johnson.
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This name probably doesn't mean anything to you, and yet, he was one of the most influential gangsters in the history of the American underworld.
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He was considered the godfather of Harlem from the 1930s to the 1960s, a neighborhood on the north side of Manhattan where he controlled everything.
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You wanted to open a gaming business? You had to go through Bumpy. You wanted to open a speakeasy?
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You had to go through Bumpy. Did you want to do anything illegal in Harlem?
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You had to go through Bumpy. Frank Lucas (famous drug trafficker played by Denzel Washington in the movie American Gangster), who was one of his henchmen, said: "If you wanted to do business in Harlem, you did it with Bumpy Johnson,
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or you were dead." In case of need, the police and politicians would turn to him, and even the mafia went through Bumpy to do business.
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No other African-American gangster of the time could boast of having done so much. In a period where racial discrimination was very strong, as a Black man, you had to make your way and overcome the obstacles to hope to have a piece of the American dream,
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and this, even in the world of the underworld. Bumpy was the exception that proves the rule, but before he became the "Godfather of Harlem," he started, like many others, at the bottom of the ladder.
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I propose you here to discover his history. Before I start, I wanted to thank MyHeritage for sponsoring this video.
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If you don't know MyHeritage, it is a service that allows you to discover your family history.
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I tried with Al Capone's face, and look, it looks like he's come to life.
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I put the link in the description for those who are interested. Here, I let you enjoy.
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Here we go for the next part of the video. Bumpy, whose real name is Ellsworth Raymond Johnson, was born on October 31, 1905, in Charleston, South Carolina.
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Racial segregation was in effect in the United States at the time. His family moved to the black district of the city.
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The Johnsons are a modest family. They are respected in their community and, being very religious, they go to church regularly.
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The father, William, is a fisherman, while the mother, Margaret, works as a domestic worker.
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Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have eight children: Margie, Priscilla, Pauline, Willie, Mabel, Lena, Elease, and finally, Ellsworth (called Bumpy, a nickname that he will keep throughout his life because of a bump on the back of his head).
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Around one or two years old, Bumpy lives all year round with his father and his brother Willie.
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The reason is that his mother has two jobs: one in Charleston (the place of residence of the Johnson family), and the other in New York.
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There, she took with her three older daughters (Pauline, Mabel, and Lena) to help her in her work as a domestic worker.
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Even though she returned to Charleston every time she finished her seasonal work in New York, her absence from the family home will create a void for young Bumpy, who will look for a mother figure with one of his older sisters.
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At school, he was said to be extremely intelligent and talkative, so much so that he skipped two grades at Charleston Public School.
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Paradoxically, he will never finish high school. A shame for Bumpy, who had been raised in a family that put a lot of emphasis on education.
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As a result, he did not hesitate to lie about having attended a reputable Charleston school (an institute where the children of the families studied), or he said he was attending a prestigious university in New York.
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He was, however, so smart and clever that no one protested when he said he had higher education.
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Bumpy also had a rebellious side and was always very sensitive to the racial prejudices suffered by blacks in the segregated South.
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Moreover, his family was in turmoil as a result of this racial discrimination when he reached the age of 10.
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At the time, Willie, his 19-year-old older brother, was indeed accused of having killed a white man in South Carolina (a state whose inhabitants were known to take matters into their own hands when a black person committed a crime against a white person).
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The atrocious lynching of Kitt Bookard, in 1904 in Berkeley County, a county located about 60 km from the Johnson's place of residence, is then the perfect example.
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Kitt Bookard, a 21-year-old black man, goes fishing one day with six white men.
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But on the way back, an argument breaks out between Bookard and one of the men.
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Bookard threatens to punch him; apparently, the man hit his little sister, and he wanted to take revenge.
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A revenge that he will not be able to satisfy since back in town he is arrested because of this quarrel and is obliged to pay a fine of five dollars.
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The thing is, he doesn't have the money to pay for it. He is then thrown in jail, but there, a group of white men demand that he be handed over to them, and that's when everything goes wrong.
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They take him to the edge of a river and torture him: they scalp him, gouge out his eyes, cut off his genitals and tongue, then tie him to a grate and throw him into the river to drown him.
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Of all the people responsible for this crime, none will be brought to justice. So when Willie, Bumpy's big brother, returns home and announces to his family that he has been accused of killing a white man,
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the Johnsons panic. They want to save their son from a possible lynching, so they quickly get him out of the city and send him to New York, where Margie and Pauline already live.
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Bumpy joined them later in 1919. His father had indeed arranged to send him to his older sister Mabel who lives in Harlem, hoping to give him the opportunity for a better life.
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At this time, Bumpy is 14 years old and he is rather small for his age.
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A small size that he compensates for with his tough temperament. But sometimes this is not enough, and Bumpy becomes the target of the bullies in his neighborhood.
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One of these altercations occurs on his first day of...
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He is only two blocks away from his school when he passes six other teenagers on the corner throwing throwing dice against a building.
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He slows down and takes a look a look around and then, as he was leaving, he heard wun of young people calling out to him and feels his arm being grabbed: - Hey you! Peasant! What do you have you have in your pocket?
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- My hand. Why? Do you have a problem with that? - Oh, the country boy has a mouth on him laughs one of the bullies, named Junia.
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- Well, take your hand out of your pocket and let me see what else is in there then said another young man, nicknamed Six-n-Eight as he came closer.
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- Dude, you're gonna regret this. Cause if I pull it out, I'm gonna pull it out, I'm going to slam it against your head.
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In the meantime, the other boys are betting on the future winner of the fight between Six and Bumpy.
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Thus, Finley bets on Six, while another, named Nat, puts his money on Bumpy. It is Six who throws the the first punch.
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He aims at Bumpy's chin, but doesn't touch it. Bumpy, being the smallest and also the quicker, dodges it easily, which puts his opponent off balance.
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Then he actually takes his hand out of his pocket and, as he promised, Six would regret it.
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His fist lands in the in the middle of his face and Six, with a broken nose, falls to his knees while blood is spurting everywhere.
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Then the second punch of Bumpy's second punch hits the side of his enemy, which weakens it even more.
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Six is still not still not down, he grabs Bumpy's pants to try to get up.
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But Bumpy hits him again, except that this time when he touches it, silver coins fall out of his fist his fist and spill onto the floor.
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Finley, who had bet on Six, sees the cheating and shouts: "It's not fair! He's fighting unfairly!" On his side, Bumpy continues to throw punches on his opponent.
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He finally manages to get her to release his grip on her pants and puts him down with a violent kicking him between the legs.
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It seems, however, that Bumpy is not finished yet. Bumpy is not done yet, since, at this point, he wants to throw another kick on Six's head.
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But before he can do so, a hand grabs the back of his collar, and he is thrown against a car: "Okay, kid. You've already already won my bet, but I can't let you you to kill my guy here".
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- Fuck you replicates Bumpy who now wants now wants to fight Nat. "I'm not going to fight you, man. Like I said, you won my bet And be glad there was money involved in this fight, or we would have all jumped on you. otherwise we would have all jumped on you."
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"And I would have kicked all of you your asses. And I'll do it again!" After that, Bumpy, Nat, Finley and Junie, have sympathized and became the best friends.
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A friendship that would last until the end of their lives. After this encounter, Bumpy will never again go to school. school again.
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Every morning, he left his sister Mabel's apartment to go and meet his new friends They were going out to try to win money by playing pool, playing craps or selling newspapers.
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Then they started sweeping the sidewalks in front of some of the businesses in Harlem, and they made even more money.
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Bumpy was clearly the brains of the gang, it didn't take him long to realize that he and his that he and his friends could win even more, including offering protection to some of the some of the new stores in the area.
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And that's how he met Bub Hewlett. Bub Hewlett was one of those of those intrepid Harlem thugs who never walked without a knife, a baseball bat or a gun in their hand.
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Any excuse was good enough to use their weapons to use their weapons against the police or the Irish gangsters who dared to to set foot on their territory.
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Of all these thugs, Bub was the most violent. From the top of his 85 meters and his imposing size, he was the kind of guy you didn't want you didn't want to mess with.
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Bub made a living by taking money from money from local businesses in exchange for protection against the local thugs.
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That's how one day, he and Bumpy met. This happened at a time when Bub heard about of a grocery store opening on Seventh Avenue.
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He goes to the place to offer protection services, but to his great surprise, the store owner tells him that he has already that he has already paid for his protection and then points to Bumpy, leaning on Bub's black Lincoln, arms crossed
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and staring intently at him through through the store window. "That kid?" At that time, Bumpy was 16 years old and is about to face a kingpin almost twice his age and, what's more, exceeds it by a good a good ten centimeters
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- Get out of my car, kid. Do you know who I am? - Yeah, I know. You are Bub Hewlett says Bumpy as he slowly gets up slowly from Bub's car.
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Now I'm not on your car. So get the hell out of my neighborhood. - Your neighborhood ? What do you mean your neighborhood?
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- Because me and my guys, we claimed it. At least, we have claimed this store.
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At that moment, Bub could have knocked out young Bumpy with a single punch, but he had appreciated the kid's nerve.
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So he proposed to her to become partners, and that's how Bumpy was able to start his rise in the Harlem underworld.
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It had been several months now since Bumpy had been Bumpy had not been going to school for several months; his sister Mabel was worried and insisted insisted every day that he go back.
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But seeing all the money he brought home, she left him more and more the house, she left him more and more alone.
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During the 1920s, Bumpy and his gang earned their bread their bread and butter through all kinds of racket, but also to burglaries.
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They were no longer satisfied with protecting the owners of grocery stores or restaurants, they also extended their protection to the owners of the owners of underground clubs and bars.
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At this time, Bub Hewlett, who had become who had taken a liking to Bumpy in the meantime, proposed to him and his his band to diversify by offering protection to the owners of of underground lotteries in Harlem.
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Some of these owners were among the wealthiest among the richest in the neighborhood, their income amounted to several thousand dollars per week thousands of tax-free dollars per week.
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These guys didn't skimp when it came to when it came to protecting their money, they were looking for the toughest the toughest bodyguards around.
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Bumpy then jumped at the chance the opportunity to get even richer. From then on, he quickly became one of the best in this field, so much so that he was one of the most bodyguards in Harlem.
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His reputation was growing day by day, and it would soon take off thanks to the one who was nicknamed at the time "The Queen of the Underground Lottery", Stephanie St. Clair.
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Stephanie St. Clair was a gang leader of French of French origin in Harlem. She was in the gambling business and in the 1920s, she had managed to develop a vast criminal empire in the neighborhood.
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She had hired Bumpy to protect one of her of her many underground lotteries. Impressed by her protection skills, she had even made him her personal bodyguard.
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Bumpy escorted her, for example, when she went theatrical performances. From there, a friendship was quickly between the two of them.
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At St. Clair's, Bumpy admired his class, but also the fact that she was always ready to fight to fight to protect what was hers.
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What had happened in the 1930s, when the mafia wanted to get a piece of the pie of the gambling business in Harlem.
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The underground lottery was indeed very profitable in this part of New York, and it was therefore normal for the the mafia to want to get involved.
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This is Dutch Schultz, a gangster with ties to the with the five families of New York, who was in charge of this case.
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Schultz was operating in the Bronx and made his fortune smuggling liquor during smuggling during prohibition.
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In 1933, the prohibition was repealed, he has no choice but to to find other sources of income.
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To develop his empire, he therefore turns to a to a business that could not be more lucrative: Harlem's underground lottery.
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We are in the middle of the Great Depression and at that time, illegal gambling was taking hold all over Harlem: the numbers game.
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The numbers game was a kind of the poor man's lottery: the bettor had to choose three numbers, and if the next day his numbers were drawn, then he won a payout according to what he according to what he had bet.
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For example, all you had to do was bet 1 dollar to expect to get 600 dollars.
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The temptation to gamble was therefore for the people of Harlem, who typically earned only 10 to 15 dollars a week.
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In the early 1930's, this business brought in more than 50 million dollars a year, a huge sum when you know that the country was in the middle of an economic slump.
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Some of the owners of these lotteries earned more than the than the American president himself, that is to say.
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So it didn't take Dutch Schultz long to take notice of this opportunity. His goal was to reserve for himself a piece of the cake, and when you knew the character, you knew you had to take this threat take this threat seriously.
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Schultz was a paranoid. He could kill for pure pleasure, and responded to everything with violence.
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For example, he and his men had already beaten to beat a guy almost to death, to tie him up and blindfold him with an STD infected garment, making him blind...
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So St. Clair clearly had to worry about. Schultz had started to to send his men to Harlem to tell the lottery owners that he was ready to join their operations.
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In exchange, he made sure they didn't get in trouble with problems with the police, and it also provided them with protection, especially against kidnapping (a threat that was actually perpetrated by his own men).
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From there, he was able to establish himself in gambling business in Harlem, and his empire grew considerably, which did not sit well with St. Clair.
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The war between the two clans was thus inevitable. Bumpy was still under the orders of St. Clair.
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In the meantime, in the 20s, he had been arrested a few times. Among other things, he had been sent in prison for burglary, making two years out of the ten previously planned.
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He was then sentenced in 1927 to two additional years for assault. To finally go back immediately after a conviction for theft.
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And it is once after having served this sentence that the serious things have really start for him.
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We are at the end of the year 1931. Bumpy gets out of prison, after having served serving a two and a half year sentence.
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During her absence, Stephanie St. Clair had received a visit from Bub Hewlett, who was now working for Schultz.
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Bub wanted to convince St. Clair to join their organization, which now included most of the lottery owners in Harlem.
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A proposal that had made her furious. It must be said that the pressure on his pressure on his clan was getting stronger and stronger: since his dispute with Schultz, she and her men were the regular targets of drive-by regular target of drive-by shootings,
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his employees were savagely beaten and even threatened beaten and even threatened with the worst if they had the misfortune to continue to work for her.
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But despite all the trouble, St. Clair had managed to maintain his gaming empire. Many of his men had indeed remained loyal to the "Queen of Harlem".
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She knew how to motivate them, and would say to them, for example: - What kind of man would abandon a woman in a fight?
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However, many could not resist the heavy pressure pressure exerted by Schultz and his men.
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They had tried to hold on as long as possible, but the incessant threats had finally their desire to get out of there.
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to continue working with St. Clair. Her back was against the wall, but there was still hope.
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She knew that one of her acquaintances would be returning to Harlem any day now, and that this knowledge was always ready to fight, especially when a white man tried to take something to take something from the Blacks: Bumpy was about to make to make his comeback.
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It had only been two days since Bumpy was released from prison. At the age of 25, he was returning the streets of Harlem.
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At this point, he sees Bub Hewlett in a bar. The latter taps him on the shoulder: - I see you're home. Welcome home.
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So, how did they did they treat you there? - How do you think? - Like shit?
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- Well, you're right. Both of them started to laugh. However, what was at stake was anything but funny.
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Everyone in Harlem knew that Bub worked for that Bub was working for Schultz and that he was going to try to convince Bumpy to work with him.
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The thing is, everyone else also knew that St. Clair wanted to make Bumpy his ally in this war.
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People were wondering which side Bumpy was going to take. Bub went on to tell Bumpy that he had a job for him: - Is it ? What's up?
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- The same thing you were doing did before you left the street. I keep people in the right way, and I make sure they do what they're supposed to do.
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- And what they are not not supposed to do, it's writing numbers for someone else other than that Jew Schultz, right?
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There, Bub looks at him with astonishment: - So you know about this? - Yes, I was briefed in the clink.
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It is said that the Jew has the lotteries in Harlem. He even hired colored traitors to beat up other colored people.
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Have you heard anything about this? - Are you big now? Because it looks like you're not feeling it anymore.
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- What, just because you're tall you think you're going to intimidate me? - No, I'm not trying to put you to the test.
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I'm not in trouble, and I don't see any reason any reason to get into it now.
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- That's good to hear. At least, not at the moment. - What does this mean?
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- That means it's only been two days since I was released from prison and that I need to assess the terrain to know what I have to do.
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- If you work for Dutch, I can guarantee you $200 a week. - I heard that you get paid that you get paid $300.
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- Oh, so now you think you should earn as much as I do? I told you, you feel more like a man.
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But you're a good guy. Let me talk to Schultz and see what he has to say.
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I'm sure we can find a solution. - No, don't do that. I don't see myself taking the side of the the white man against the black man.
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Do what you have to do, and I will see what I will do. - Right.
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Then the two of them shook hands hand and said goodbye. Later that night, Bumpy went to find Stephanie St. Clair: "I'm going to take care of that damn Dutch guy.
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Let him leave Harlem and go back to the Bronx, where he belongs. Or better yet, kill him and put an end to all this".
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"But Queenie". "No! There is no Queenie! I want you to kill him or I will kill him myself.
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"Queenie, you know I'm not afraid of him. But what you are talking about is a total war.
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Who is going to fund your war?" "You think I don't have any money? I have plenty of them.
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"Well, it's going to take a lot more than money. It takes at least $200 a week for each man you recruit, and even if you have 10 - which is not nearly enough - that's $2000 a week.
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And in addition to the men, you have to buy guns, pay the cops and bail.
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And it's not going to be a matter of of days or weeks. This will take months. Maybe years.
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Jesus, you think you have enough money to last that long? With your lotteries being attacked every other day?" Finally, Bumpy and St. Clair organized a meeting with dozens of African-American actors from American actors from the Harlem gambling scene.
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Most announced that they did not believe that the Bumpy/St. Clair clan would win. Many were indeed fear of losing money, if not their lives because of the Schultz threat.
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However, some on their side, and this is when the war between Schultz and St. Clair began in earnest.
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In this war, Bumpy obviously had the support of his old friends Nat, Finley and Junie.
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He went out with them one day, and met Bub Hewlett Bub Hewlett, across a street: - Stay here, but stay in sight.
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Hey Bub. - Hey, I was looking for you Bub replied suspiciously, one hand in his pocket.
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It is at this moment that Nat saw Bub's hand hidden: "Bumpy, are you okay?" Bumpy signaled to her that all was well, while keeping an eye on Bub, who still had still had his hand in his pocket.
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- I told you I would let you know what I was going to do, remember?
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- What about ? - I work for Queenie. - Dude, you're making the wrong choice. The queen is going to fall, that's obvious.
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- Oh yeah? - You know that means you're going to have to fight me and my men.
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- I know. It's going to get very interesting. - I guess we'll see you again, Bumpy.
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- Yeah, man. But I expect to see you first. Bub and Bumpy burst out laughing again laughter again and then parted ways.
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Once back in the car car, Bumpy says to his friends: - I feel like the president of the United States.
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I just declared war. And you are my army. Now we need to come up with a battle plan.
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The first thing to do, for Bumpy and his men was to find weapons. For that, they could count on Finley.
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Junie was the second brain of the band, the ideal person to put Bumpy's Bumpy's plans.
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Bumpy was the planner and Nat, the person in charge in charge of settling accounts, the kind of ruthless guy who would stop at nothing.
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With his band of nine men, Bumpy attacked Schultz's soldiers. They were greatly outnumbered than the enemy, so they had no choice but to choose the strategy of guerrilla warfare to hope to win.
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And it must be said that they did very well. Unlike the Schultz men, Bumpy and his band were indeed easily into the mass as African-Americans in Harlem, which gave them a huge advantage.
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When it came time to compete with Bub Hewlett's gang, it was however another story.
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Bub was very angry Bumpy, and vice versa. The two clans then clashed clans clashed several times, but without any of them succeeded in getting the upper hand.
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The Bumpy vs. Bub duel finally ended in April 1933, six months after the beginning of the war, when Bub, in a case that had nothing to do with the nothing to do with the confrontation between Schultz and St. Clair,
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was sentenced to serve a sentence of two to five years in prison. After his incarceration, most of his men had already given up the battle against Bumpy, except for a few die-hards, like Ulysses Rollins.
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Ulysses Rollins had replaced Bub as Schultz's Schultz's main henchman in Harlem in 1934. His intention was clear: he wanted to take down Bumpy.
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Bumpy, on hearing this news this news had laughed, without underestimating his new opponent, who had the reputation of being a dangerous man.
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Besides, Schultz rarely rarely set foot in Harlem, which was very frustrating for Bumpy, because he had never never had the opportunity to reach it before.
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He always moved around with several with several bodyguards, which complicated the task. But he still had a card to play.
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The latter consisted of contacting someone who knew Schultz personally someone who knew Schultz personally: the boss of the New York mafia, Lucky Luciano.
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Bumpy had contacted him at the end of 1934 to tell him about this war in Harlem that was killing more and more people.
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Luciano was of course aware of what was what was happening in this part of New York.
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He listened carefully to Bumpy, but then told him that he that he could not interfere.
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Then he added that if he ever decided to his nose in, he would set his conditions, to know: take over the gambling business in Harlem by putting Bumpy on his employee list for about $1,000 a week.
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Bumpy was clearly disappointed with his answer; he warned him that if he tried to go after the underground lottery operators in Harlem, he would have no choice but to to take it out on him personally.
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It made Luciano laugh who had told Bumpy that he had no chance chance of winning a war against him.
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To which Bumpy replied with a smile: "Schultz had said the same thing. And here I am three years later talking with you." Although impressed by Bumpy's nerve, Luciano however remained on his position and the two men left it at that.
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At least for the moment. Meanwhile, in Harlem, the war continued to rage. It is during the summer of 1935 that Bumpy and Rollins had their first for the first time.
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It happened when Bumpy was taking a girl to dinner. The 2 were walking quietly when Bumpy Bumpy saw Rollins take out a knife and throw himself at him!
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The two men rolled on the ground, fought for some time, then Bumpy got up and put and put his tie back on.
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He had slashed Rollins' face and face and body of Rollins, which was left on the ground.
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He had one of his eyeballs that was was only held to gether by the ligaments, and which was totally out of its orbit.
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After this altercation, Bumpy had then quietly stepped over him, and then announced that he had a sudden craving spaghetti and meatballs.
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Seriously injured, Rollins was taken to the hospital, but true to his reputation of a real tough guy, the same evening, covered with bandages, he went out bandages, looking for Bumpy.
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He found him in a restaurant on 125th Street. And when he saw it, he didn't hesitate for a second: he pulled out his gun and aimed at her head!
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Fortunately for Bumpy, the bullet only went through his had only gone through his hat and had ended his race on a poor innocent woman, killing her instantly.
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Rollins will finally be stopped by a police officer who happened to be in the restaurant in the restaurant that night, and will receive a heavy sentence.
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We can say that Bumpy had been lucky. He also made a decision that day a decision: he would never wear hats again.
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At this time, Bumpy still wanted Schultz's skin. A wish that would eventually be granted in October 1935, when Luciano and the other members of the American organized crime syndicate decided that it was necessary that it was imperative to eliminate it.
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Schultz had indeed the justice that was his ass at that time and, to get out of it and calm down the game, he had decided to kill a prosecutor named Thomas Dewey.
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A solution, for Luciano and his associates, simply unthinkable. Result: Dutch Schultz is shot in a restaurant in New Jersey and dies on his hospital bed some time later.
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The Bumpy/ St. Clair clan had won, Harlem was free again and the war was finally over.
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Finally, it remained to know how how the underground lotteries would be organized now that Schultz was dead.
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Was Lucky Luciano going to to take everything in his path, even if it means putting Bumpy on the sidelines?
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Bumpy was about to get answers to his questions, since a week after Schultz's death he spoke again with Luciano.
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Schultz ousted, Bumpy and Luciano met again, this time at the request of the Italian mafia boss.
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Luciano let him speak first. Then the two men discussed several points. Bumpy first stated that he was aware that he could not win a war against him, but that he obviously could not sit back but that he could not stay idle either.
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and let the gambling business in Harlem slip away from African-Americans. After listening to Bumpy, Luciano then declared that he was ready to leave all the players in the Harlem game alone, in any case, those who had supported him during the war.
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Then he added that any new lottery that opens in the neighborhood would now be under the control control of the mafia.
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After that, Bumpy asked to become Luciano's partner in Harlem, in the sense that the mafia would not try anything there without his agreement and a share in the business.
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Bumpy and Luciano then negotiated for hours on these points: "Don't you realize that I'm doing you a favor?
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I could kill you right now, and take control of everything." Smiling, Bumpy replied that he knew that he knew he was a businessman too wise to do such a thing. to do such a thing.
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So the negotiations continued, and then the two men ended up laughing together and an agreement was reached.
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Bumpy had managed to negotiate peace with honor, and had stood up to the biggest New York's biggest kingpin.
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A feat that the people of Harlem would not soon forget, many people will admire him who will admire it after that.
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So much so that after the interview with Luciano, everyone wanted to be his friend, do something for himself or his cronies.
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Eager to stay in his good graces his good graces, the drinks were on the house every time he entered a every time he entered a bar or club more and more women were hanging around him, and some celebrities would come to introduce themselves to him.
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But what Bumpy liked most about most about his new status, was to see the Italian gangsters respect the deal he had made with Luciano.
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No one could interfere with the lotteries that Bumpy and his friends had, or else you'll have to face Bumpy himself.
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Everything was going well, until one day there was a problem with one of the of the lottery managers that Bumpy was protecting.
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To solve the problem, Luciano had summoned him one afternoon in his luxurious suite at the Waldorf-Astoria: - So, what happened?
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- Nothing special. - Is it true? However, I've heard that business not so good lately.
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- Really? Sorry to hear you say that. - Is there anything I can do something to help you?
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We are both businessmen, let's put our cards let's put our cards on the table.
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You have a problem, you come to me to me and I'll fix it. I'm the boss. Do you remember this?
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- We had a deal: you do not oppose any of the independent lottery operators.
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- This man you're talking about, he owes us money. If he owes us money, it belongs to us.
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Do you understand? - No, I don't understand. If you had a problem with one of my guys, why didn't you come to me?
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In Harlem, I'm the boss. You remember me? - Because now, are you the boss?
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- In Harlem, yes. You can control the rest of New York, and I respect that.
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You are a man worthy of respect. But I am too. - That's right Bumpy.
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And you know that I am a man who gives respect. It doesn't matter if it's a a Jew, an Irishman or a Black.
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We all want to make money, right? Live and let live. - Exactly. The two men then continued discussion, and eventually reached an agreement.
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Bumpy was about to leave when he noticed a noticed a chessboard on a table: - Do you play chess? - Yeah, do you?
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No matter, I should have known better. - What do you mean? - You're the kind of guy who always seems to planning his moves two moves in advance.
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- You too. - Me too? Nope. I plan four or five moves in advance.
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Bumpy and Luciano then sat down at the table and table and played a few games.
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Bumpy won the first one, and Luciano the next. Then the other two ended in a ended in a draw, which would become a habit every time they played every time they played chess together.
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This is how a friendly relationship between the two men. Their chess games they will continue until 1936, date when Luciano will be sent in prison for forced prostitution.
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By the way, Bumpy joined him joined him a year later, by being arrested for criminal assault.
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He had attacked a pimp who had beaten up one of the beat up one of the girls he was protecting, and had taken ten years for it.
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He was then sent to the prison of Dannemora, where Luciano was rotting. It is said there that Bumpy would have saved Lucky one day in the prison yard by shoving and hitting a guy who had tried to stab him.
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A service that would have allowed him to eat some Italian food during his detention.
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Bumpy came out of Dannemora in 1947. But when he returned to the streets of Harlem, things had changed: - Things aren't what they used to be what they used to be, Bumpy.
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The Italians have blocked everything now. They might not even let you even open a lottery.
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- Let me open a lottery? And can you tell me since when I need permission from a wop to open one?
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- Like I said, things have changed. Nowadays, no one opens an establishment without the permission of the Italians on the East Side.
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A few days later, Bumpy went to the East Side to the East Side to meet Joe Adonis, Luciano's interim head of operations since he had been deported to Italy.
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Bumpy didn't like Adonis very much, he found him conceited and pretentious. The kind of guy who couldn't couldn't walk past a mirror without stopping to comb her hair and admire her reflection.
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However, he recognized certain qualities: Adonis knew how to to take care of business, and then he was a pretty loyal pretty loyal.
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When he met him, he was with Frank Costello, Meyer Lansky, Tommy Lucchese and Albert Anastasia of the guys that Luciano could trust to carry out his to carry out his orders from prison, then from Italy, during his exile.
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When they met, the Italian mafioso offered him as a as a present for his return a large envelope of $6,000 and a brand new black Lincoln Continental Lincoln Continental and a brand new black 1947 Lincoln Continental: - Nice, but I prefer the Cadillac.
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- No problem, take the Lincoln already, I will replace it with a Cadillac in a few days.
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- Thank you for this. This will be useful for me, as I will be I'm going to start working again in a few days.
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- Oh yeah? Cool. What kind of business are you talking about? - The same kind of business I had before I left.
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I'm going to open a lottery. - You got the green light, Bumpy? - What kind of green light are you talking about?
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- From our friends. Did you talk about it with our friends? - Dude, I don't need to to tell anybody about it.
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I'll go back to my business, as always. - I'll arrange a meeting and you come and discuss this.
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We'll see what happens. Later that evening, Bumpy received a call, and the next day he went to talk with Italians on the East Side of Harlem.
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He was not alone Nat, Junie and two other friends accompanied him. All were armed, in case the situation the situation got out of hand.
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At the meeting, there were six Italian mobsters, including Joe Adonis. Bumpy and his men sat quietly around a table with them sitting around a table with them: "We heard that you want to get back in the business and we want to help you."
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launched Anthony Salerno, known as "Fat Tony". An Italian gangster who was rising in rank at that time and who would later become head of the Genovese family.
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He was at that time in charge of the gambling business business in Harlem for the Mafia.
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- You know that we have always have always appreciated you and we know that you are a man worthy of respect.
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What do you want to do? - Well, first of all, I thank you for your gracious offer of help, and I also thank you for the gifts gifts you have given me, but I don't want to abuse our friendship, you have already done so much.
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I just want to reopen my lottery on 135th Street so I can do it on my own.
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- Ah, but my friend, it will not be be as simple as that. - Oh yeah? It seems to me it's very simple.
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- Well, I'm sure you know that things have things have changed since you left.
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Now, this is how it's done. Time passes and things change. Do you want to open a establishment on 135th?
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That's fine. We'll be happy to let you do that. But you have to understand: you run the place, but what you earn must be under our control.
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You know we're going to give you give you a good cut. You have earned our respect.
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- So I expect you to live up to the deal the deal that was made before I left.
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I run my own business without interference from anyone. - This agreement was made with friends who are no longer in charge.
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As I said, time passes and time passes and things change. If you want to do business, you do business with us.
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- I had a deal, and as far as I'm concerned, the the agreement is still on the table.
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- The people at the head of the table have changed and so has the market.
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But Bumpy refused to be intimidated. He laughed a little, then stood up with his men stood up with his men: - I guess this meeting is over.
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He then looked at Adonis: - You have to let our friend know what is going on, and that I'm not very happy with the situation.
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- Are you trying to give me orders, Bumpy? Here Nat took a step forward, but Bumpy pushed him back and said: - No, I wouldn't. I wouldn't presume to give you orders, just as you know that I won't get any.
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As far as I am concerned, we are equal and we have always been equal and always have been.
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But I ask you, during your next contact with our next contact with our friend, to send him my best regards and to let him know that I was very happy to be able to help him to help him during our common absence.
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Bumpy was obviously talking about the time he saved Luciano's hide in Dannemora. After this statement, he and his men men left the meeting.
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They stopped in front of a storefront to discuss to discuss the situation: - Are we going back to war?
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- Maybe. I don't know yet. I have to think about what we're going to do.
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- What do we do first Bumpy? - I think we're going to kidnap a few.
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Yeah, that sounds crazy, a bunch of african-americans talking about about kidnapping members of the mafia.
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By the way, without knowing it, Bumpy and his men were talking at a place where the NYPD had placed a bug, and say that even one of the city's police detectives who had listened to the tape, couldn't believe it.
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So much so that he had to replay the recording twice because he couldn't believe what he was hearing. because he couldn't believe what he was hearing.
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Fortunately, no one had to resort had to resort to violence. Adonis had indeed made Luciano of the situation, and the latter had declared to him that not only that the mafia should honor the deal he had with Bumpy,
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but that she also had to give him to give him everything he wanted. "Why didn't you tell me what what you did for our friend?" asked Adonis to Bumpy some time later while handing him the keys of a brand new black Cadillac.
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- It wasn't my place to say it. After that, Bumpy was able to establish his his dominance over Harlem again.
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No one could get in the way. stand in his way. Then the unthinkable happened.
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Following his agreement with the Italians, Bumpy was thus able to open his lottery on the 135th.
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A business that paid him a lot of money: nearly $60,000 a month, the equivalent of 700 000 € today.
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Her reputation had grown even more the streets of Harlem. So everything was going well, until the day he met a man named Flash Walker.
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Flash Walker was a young man orphaned and penniless young man who was looking to work for Bumpy.
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A friend of his who knows Bumpy, and one evening in December 1948, he introduced him introduced him to the "Godfather of Harlem".
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Bumpy that night will grant then out of pity to his request by hiring him to help his wife in some of the tasks around the house.
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At that time, Flash was 19 years old, he was a talkative person with a charm almost bewitching according to some people.
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So he had no trouble fitting in with the integrate into the Johnson family, to the point of becoming like a son to Bumpy (he who didn't have one, and who will never have one).
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Bumpy really liked him, and then the feeling was mutual. An affection that will make her two almost jealous of his two daughters.
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No, I'm telling you: the two loved each other very much, to the point that Bumpy started to to trust him more and more and to offer him a position in one of his lotteries.
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Flash knew how to charm people to make them to make them bet more than they should have, so it didn't take long for him to become to be Bumpy's most profitable employee.
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Then came a moment when Bumpy had enough confidence in Flash to allow him to accompany her to some important meetings, including those with the Italians.
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By the way, for the record, it could be that Frank Lucas (the heroin dealer of the 70's played by Denzel Washington Denzel Washington in the movie American Gangster) the relationship that Flash Walker had with Bumpy. Flash Walker had with Bumpy.
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So Lucas would never have been as close to Bumpy close to Bumpy as he claimed to be.
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But anyway, this, is another story. The relationship between Flash and Bumpy lasted almost two years, before an event event comes to change everything.
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Everything starts in 1949, when Flash Walker meets a pimp who offers him a pimp who offers him a juicy deal.
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The latter asks him to cash some checks (apparently stolen) without arousing suspicion and without having to go through the bank.
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For Flash, it was a way to to make a few extra bucks apart from what he was already he was already earning with Bumpy.
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So he accepts the deal and cashes the checks on the bank account of the one who considered him as his own son.
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Four months later, Bumpy gets a call from his bank asking him to come to come and discuss his account.
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It is there that he is made aware of of the trick. Fortunately for him, he manages to to solve the problem.
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However, he goes home, furious. Pacing in a room and thought at that moment that Flash could have could have caused him serious problems...
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But all of a sudden, one of his 16-year-old daughter comes to see him: - Bumpy, I'm glad you're here.
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I wanted to tell you that when Flash came earlier today he kicked my butt.
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Here, Bumpy stops, with his mouth open: - What did he do? - Ruthie, I've been at home all day.
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How is it that you didn't tell me? - Because I wanted to to tell Bumpy myself.
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Bumpy's face was turning purple purple, yet it wasn't over, his other daughter also testified: - He did the same thing to me the same thing, Dad.
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He patted me on the buttocks and told me he couldn't wait to be alone with me.
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And this is not the first time time he has done it! Bumpy had already headed for the door.
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He got into his Cadillac and and set out to find Flash. The latter was coming out of his house when he saw him: - What happened, Boss? Is there something we need to take care of?
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Bumpy didn't say a word, he got out of the car the car and slapped him in the face!
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Flash didn't even have time to understand to understand what was going on that Bumpy was already on him, hit him and called him names: - You bastard! Good for nothing!
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I trust you and I welcome you to my home, and you turn around to shit on me?
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I'm going to kill you! Bumpy continued to hit him, and it was not a pretty sight...
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The face of Flash became unrecognizable. Bumpy stood over him, struggling to catch his breath, then he gave him a last kicked her in the head, and screamed: "Don't ever come near me and my family again and my family, or I will kill you!"
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After that, Flash will call Bumpy every hour hours to try to talk to him, but Bumpy will hang up on him in his face every time.
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Bumpy will discuss the situation with his old friends over a game of cards: - Dude, you know damn well you should have killed that guy!
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- Shit, a kick in the ass like that, in front of everyone, he won't forget it.
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You've made an enemy for life here. - Like I give a give a shit.
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- I'm with Junie on this one. I'll bet he's going to come after you.
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Why don't you go ahead of him and take care of him? - Mind your own business, man. I did what I had to do and it's over.
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Then Nat grunted: - This guy knows too much. If you don't take care of him him, I will.
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I never trusted that little bastard. Bumpy then continued to ignore the advice of his friends.
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Perhaps he still had some affection for his protégé. Anyway, he will bitterly regret this choice when he will he learned one evening that Flash was planning with one of his ex-girlfriends to hide a package of heroin under one of the cushions of the couch in his residence,
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then call the cops in order to bring him down. All gathered in his living room for an for an emergency meeting.
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For half an hour, Bumpy and his friends discussed what to do. what to do.
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Once the meeting was over, they all went out went out together to hunt Flash.
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Unfortunately, it was already too late... Bumpy will indeed be arrested later on at his home by two DEA agents.
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We will take him to the Bureau of Narcotics, and that's when he'll learn that Flash had given him up to the cops when he was arrested for a heroin story in December 1950.
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Flash had told the cops at the time that he was selling drugs for Bumpy, which apparently wasn't true, because even the Narcotics guys didn't believe him.
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None of them had heard that Bumpy was in the drug business. That's when the feds intervened in the case and for them, even if Bumpy was telling the truth (that he wasn't into dope), they knew that by arresting him, they could they could clean up Harlem,
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by forcing him to denounce the drug dealers who were drug traffickers who were operating in the area.
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Since then, Bumpy has spent a a fortune to prove his innocence. Unfortunately for him, it was not enough.
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The federals did not want to to let go. They harassed him by asking him to give names to get them to drop the case, but Bumpy kept telling them but Bumpy would tell them every time to go to hell.
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It was not until June 1953 that the trial took place. All this time, Bumpy had remained free on bail.
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He was relatively confident at the time of his judgment. The jury had deliberated for only three hours hours before announcing its verdict.
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A good sign according to his lawyer, since jurors jurors usually stayed longer than they did before.
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when they had to declare the guilt of an accused. However, and against all odds, Bumpy was convicted of two counts of drug trafficking!
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His relatives were shocked. He was going to be sentenced to 15 years in prison...
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He then spent most of his time in time at Alcatraz, a prison that housed the most dangerous the most dangerous criminals of the country at that time.
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In this penitentiary, the guards called the prisoners by their number, and not by name, which was a way to to break them morally.
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The federal government had even even arranged for the prison to be converted so that any escape is made impossible.
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However, this did not prevent Frank Morris and the Anglin brothers to escape in 1962.
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It was the one and only one in the history of this high security prison, and it is said that in order to to realize this incredible escape, they had received help from a guy who had had solid contacts on the outside,
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a guy who would have helped them get a boat boat to cross the San Francisco Bay, a guy who would have been none other than Bumpy Johnson himself.
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In the end, Bumpy will only ten years in prison. and will be paroled in 1963.
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Junie had come to pick him up in a '62 Cadillac Cadillac Eldorado convertible, and the news of his return spread throughout Harlem.
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Soon the streets were filled with people with people who welcomed him. People were clapping and threw confetti as the car as the car passed them by.
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It looked like it was the president of the United States. Bumpy had now stood up, with tears in his eyes, and waved to the crowd.
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Yeah, it seemed that the people of Harlem of Harlem hadn't forgotten it, even after all this time.
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Finally, this scene presaged a kind of farewell a kind of farewell, which was not long in coming.
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Indeed, Bumpy had heart problems which had started at the beginning of 1967, and that will be the reason of him one year later, on July 7, 1968.
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He was getting ready to eat at a restaurant in Harlem that night, when his heart gave out on him.
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He was 62 years old. The brutal death of Bumpy has shocked everyone. It was the end of one of Harlem's of one of Harlem's most memorable figures, that many will describe as a gangster with a social conscience.
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A criminal who played the role of a philanthropist by helping the poorest people in his neighborhood.
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A few hundred people had gathered to pay their last respects gathered to pay their last respects to the to the one who was considered the the "Robin Hood of Harlem".
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A Robin Hood who nevertheless remained racketeer, pimp and drug trafficker. Because yes, even though Bumpy will insist until his death that he was that he was framed for the drug trafficking charges who sent him to Alcatraz in the 1950s,
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he will still be involved in the drug business in the drug business later in the 60's.
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Bumpy was finally a smart guy who could have become a lawyer or a doctor, but who ended up becoming a gang leader.
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It is said that he would have regretted for not having continued his studies. What we will remember about him is the African-American from a precarious background who has risen to the top of the New York underworld.
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The one who, with only a handful of a handful of loyal men, managed to stand up to the the powerful Italian mafia, becoming his one and only ambassador to Harlem.
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A gangster who spent 26 years of his life in prison, who was shot 15 times in total and which was described by the by the prosecutor of his trial in 53, as "one of the most dangerous criminals criminals in the history of Harlem".
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Thank you all for following for following my video in its entirety! As usual, if you liked it, you can reward my work by liking the video and sharing it.
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For those who are waiting for the the return of the 1st person voice-over, know that she will come back for the next video.
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A video topic that I think will speak to many. Finally, don't forget to take advantage of the MyHeritage service, with the offer I told you about at the beginning of the video.
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And for those who are interested, a new illustration by Manon Potier is available on my Tipeee.
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Illustration that takes up as usual the the subject of the video and which represents here the mug shot of mug shot of Bumpy Johnson.
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Everything is in description. We'll see you soon. Take care and see you next time.
Topics:Bumpy JohnsonHarlemorganized crimeAmerican mafiaAfrican-American gangstersracial discriminationAl CaponeLucky LucianoFrank LucasMyHeritage
