Every Other VR Headset is Obsolete Now – Steam Frame Fi… — Transcript

Linus Tech Tips reviews Valve's Steam Frame VR headset, highlighting its standalone capabilities, advanced tracking, and PCVR wireless streaming.

Key Takeaways

Steam Frame offers a high-quality standalone VR experience with PCVR wireless streaming.
Advanced tracking and eye tracking technologies enable precise and versatile VR interactions.
The headset balances comfort, performance, and customization options for a broad user base.
Valve’s use of ARM architecture and Proton FEX layer allows running Windows VR games on Linux ARM hardware.
Wireless streaming over 6 GHz Wi-Fi achieves latency and fidelity comparable to wired PCVR setups.

Summary

Valve's Steam Frame is a standalone VR headset with outside-in tracking that defies expectations for camera-based positional tracking.
The headset is lighter, more comfortable, and higher fidelity than the original Valve Index, featuring pancake lenses and 2160x2160 LCD displays per eye.
It runs on an ARM-based computer with Steam OS and a new Proton compatibility layer called FEX, enabling x86 Windows VR games on ARM Linux.
The headset includes eye tracking for foveated streaming and social VR, and offers about 110° field of view with customizable accessories.
Controllers feature capacitive sensing for five-finger tracking, two-stage triggers and grips, magnetic thumbsticks, and 18 infrared LEDs for tracking.
Battery life for controllers is about 40 hours on a single AA battery, with optional accessories like knuckle straps and a second head strap.
The headset supports inside-out tracking even in pitch darkness using IR emitters and four high-FOV cameras, with tracking updates around 200-250 Hz.
Wireless PCVR streaming is enabled via dual Wi-Fi radios including a 6 GHz band dongle, achieving low latency and high reliability.
Valve aims to maintain compatibility with existing VR titles and is working on prescription lenses, with an expansion port for additional accessories.
The Steam Frame represents a fundamental shift for Valve from PC accessory to a versatile standalone VR device with strong PC integration.

Chapters

Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown

Speaker A

Everyone knows that outside-in tracking is just better for VR gaming. It's faster, more accurate, and it's more reliable. Well, here's the thing. Valve isn't everyone. And the new Steam Frame took my expectations of a lousy, flaky experience in a standalone VR headset

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with camera-based positional tracking and blew them away. They also blew away my expectations for their new Steam Machine and Steam Controller, but that's a separate video. We'll have that linked down below. In two words or less, this thing is impossibly good and maybe more

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importantly, impossibly versatile. They managed to make it lighter, more comfortable, and higher fidelity than the OG Index for PC VR gaming. They managed to bolt an ARM-based computer to it that runs mobile VR games and applications. You can even just

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sideload an Android APK. And the whole thing runs freaking Steam OS with a new element to their Proton compatibility layer called FEX that allows you to play desktop VR games. I'm talking x86 Windows VR games on your ARM Linux VR

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headset. I would mic drop this, but I think I'd get in trouble. The last part I wouldn't believe if I didn't experience it for myself. But they did all of this with latency that is indistinguishable from the best VR

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Frame is a fundamental shift for Valve. Rather than being an accessory for your gaming PC, it's meant to be a standalone device that can also be enjoyed alongside your PC using wireless streaming for VR, which sounds horrible, but somehow it's not. Let's take a

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closer look at the hardware, then we can talk about how they did it. The headset that I'm holding is actually made up of multiple components. The core module contains the actual computer and weighs under 190 g. Then next is an audio

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module that can be detached with three clips under the foam gasket. Then there's the head strap and a battery pack that is cleverly positioned at the back to help counterbalance the device, improving comfort and also to make it a

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little bit easier to cable manage if you wanted to have an external battery pack.

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The optics are simply put flipping incredible. Like other leading headsets, they're using pancake lenses. But unlike some other headsets that use pancake lenses, there was very little in the way of internal reflections visible in the demo applications that I use today. It

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is possible that with brighter light sources, it could show up a bit more, but that's going to be something that I'll have to save for the full review.

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What I can tell you is that under each lens is a 2160 x 2160 LCD display that's capable of anywhere from 72 hertz presumably for power saving up to 120 Hz with a 144 hertz experimental mode just like we had on the Valve Index. As for

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why Valve decided to use LCD rather than OLED, it basically came down to the light losses due to the pancake lenses.

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Ooh, since I'm pointing at them, on the inside of each lens, maybe you could even see them if you went crosseyed enough, is an eye tracker that's obviously going to be great for, you know, social VR experiences, but perhaps

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more importantly enables Valve to do what they call foveated streaming, which I'm going to have to explain later because it gets a little in the weeds.

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First, let's take a look at the controllers. Valve fully acknowledges that these are very similar to other designs in the market, but they wanted something that was both great for VR and also great for your non-VR applications if you just want to use your headset as

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a giant virtual display. And they still managed to add some Valve touches to them, putting capacitive sensing on all input surfaces and on the grips, so you can still do five finger tracking just like the Knuckles controllers from the

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Valve Index. They have two-stage actuating triggers, two-stage actuating grips, which unlocks a ton of control customization. They use the same magnetic thumb stick as the new Steam Controller for better reliability, and a very small dead zone. And they each have

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their own independent gyros that can be rebound for aiming or whatever you want. I can't tell if they were being suggestive there given the popularity of certain VR applications, but I can't say for sure that they weren't. Both

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controllers have an integrated IMU to track positional data and 18 infrared LEDs that can be tracked by the four high field of view cameras that are integrated into the frame's core module.

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These were strategically positioned so that even if you were, say, for example, drawing an arrow from a quiver, it should be able to maintain tracking.

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Now, I didn't get a chance to try that, nor did I get to fire up Beat Saber, my favorite application for evaluating controller tracking under extreme conditions. But from just shaking them around in the menu, they seem to track

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extremely well. Valve is claiming about 40 hours of battery life off of a single AA. And this battery compartment is a perfect transition into the customizability that's on display with this headset. They're going to have an optional accessory kit that includes

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knuckle straps for the controller as well as a second head strap with a top velcro piece if you like a bit of additional support. I personally liked it better, but I also didn't feel like it was necessary like it is on the much

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heavier Apple Vision Pro. There's a lot more to customize on the frame itself, too. It includes a spacer gasket for folks with long eyelashes and to improve compatibility with glasses, but Valve fully acknowledges that not everyone will want to use that because it does

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take away a little bit from their claimed about 110° field of view. So, they are working on prescription lenses for the headset itself. We even saw a box of them, but there's no specific timeline on that. IPD adjustments are

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handled with a little knob on the top that spins a cog on the core module. And this is really cool. Right between the goggles at the bottom here is an expansion port that allows up to two 2 and 1/2 GB MIPI cameras or a single

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camera with a PCIe Gen 4x1 slot, allowing all kinds of possibilities for additional accessories. Like if you wanted color cameras, for instance, the built-in ones are only monochromatic. Or if you wanted, I don't know, a smell sensor. The sky's the limit. Since

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we're on the subject of the cameras, Valve says that they will work for inside-out tracking even in pitch darkness thanks to IR emitters that are built into the headset itself. And you can expect tracking performance on the

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order of about 200 to 250 updates per second, which is about on par with the Valve Index. Not something that I expected. Now that I've had a chance to gather my thoughts and eat some crappy airport food, let's talk about how Valve

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is delivering a PCVR-like experience wirelessly when big names like Apple and Meta have tried and never really succeeded. It starts with the least interesting looking part, this 6 GHz Wi-Fi dongle. Valve built the headset with two radios and two antennas for

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Wi-Fi along with a third dedicated antenna for your controllers or your Bluetooth peripherals. One of those Wi-Fi antennas handles 5 GHz for your game downloads, your multiplayer data, your voice chat, etc. The other one connects to a very high-end home router

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or more likely Valve's dongle using the so far mostly unused 6 GHz band. This is a

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congestion while pushing huge amounts of bandwidth. With that said, while the theoretical maximum is right up there with wired connections, in the real world, it falls well short of that. So, what's the secret? Fiated streaming.

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Seeing this in action blew my flipping mind. Basically, the idea behind it is similar to foviated rendering, where the headset tracks your eyes and tells your GPU, "Hey, only render the area of focus at full fidelity." and save your

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resources on the rest of the scene. It's a technique that's been used to great effect on the handful of PSVR2 titles that exist, but has been largely untapped on the PC side, largely because it depends on game developers to

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implement it. And also, most headsets don't have built-in eye tracking, so why would they bother? Fiated streaming.

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Then, again, same idea. focus your resources wherever the eyes are looking. Except in this case, it's not the GPU saving on rendering resources. It's the video encoding stream saving on bit rate. So you get crystal clear high bit

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rate encoding exactly where your eyes are looking and then a little bit blurry everywhere else. At least in theory. In practice, it reacted so fast that no matter how quickly I tried to move my eyes, I wasn't able to catch it. But I

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also don't feel too bad about that. Valve put on an incredible demo for me in HalfLife Alex where they highlighted the maximum fidelity window as I was looking around. And even though they say it's only about 10% of the total video

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stream, it ends up being a pretty large window. Wild. As for the encoding latency, well, thanks to some clever parallelization of the encoding, you can expect anywhere from 1 to two milliseconds of extra latency on a modern GPU and four to five for a

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slightly older but still VR capable one. Not enough to notice or to contribute to significant motion sickness. And it keeps getting better. I managed to get almost 50 ft away from the dongle without a noticeable difference in the

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experience. Now granted, this is still line of sight, but it's a lot further than I can get with a tether. Now, I did bring up the possibility of more than one of these devices causing interference with each other. And Valve

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said that while they have operated multiple headsets concurrently in the same space, they haven't explored more demanding use cases like packed VR cafes. Moving on to audio, the built-in solution is both incredibly impressive and also a little disappointing. I'm

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impressed by the audio quality. They apparently had to use opposing drivers to cancel out the vibrations to make sure that the inside out tracking wouldn't get messed up, and they sound fantastic. As for the mic, I didn't get

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a chance to test it, but Valve assured me that the mic should carry on the Index's incredible reputation for stellar microphone performance. I'm disappointed because I literally had the engineer who worked on the Index and this new headset in the room with me.

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And when I asked her for a gaming headset with all this same audio blackmagic, she just shrugged. So, sorry y'all, I tried. In all seriousness, the speakers don't fire directly into your ears, so there is a bit more sound bleed

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than with the Index, but it doesn't seem like a game-breaker depending on what you're watching and who's around. The last couple of experiences I want to talk about are a huge deal whether you plan to use them or not. The first is

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FEX, an open- source project that Valve has been contributing, and this is a quote, quite heavily to. It's a translation layer that allowed me to experience a completely standard Windows x86 game, Hades 2 in this case, running directly on the hardware on the frame.

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I'm talking x86 code designed to run on Windows, running on a Snapdragon 8650 running Linux. Holy freaking mind blown.

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They're planning a compatibility list. I'll uh grade on deck for the future. But wait a second. Running on Linux.

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Yeah, Valve's been busy porting Steam OS to ARM. How did they drop so much news on one day? The Frame does everything that you know and love about Steam OS like fast suspend and resume and performance overlays except on your VR

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headset directly. And as I mentioned briefly in the intro, if you blinked, you might have missed it, with this new ARM processor comes the ability to supposedly run Android APKs by directly sideloading them onto the Steam frame.

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And given how many VR experiences are designed to run on mobile devices, this is a colossal win. And with Valve's commitment to putting micro SD card slots on all their devices, it can't be too hard to install. Now, there are

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still some areas where the frame doesn't seem to be industryleading. The light seal isn't perfect, especially if you compare to the Beyond 2 with its custom 3D printed gasket. The pass through cameras, they're just monochrome, so don't expect to be wearing your frame

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out and about like people did with the Apple Vision Pro for the first week or so. From my very brief, and admittedly not side-by-side experience, it's also not the highest clarity nor highest dynamic range display I've ever seen.

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And it's not as light or compact as say the big screen beyond 2. But it's the overall package that should have the entire rest of the industry stopping and going, "How did Valve, who as of 2021 supposedly had less than 350 employees,

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managed to outmaneuver monsters like Meta, who spent 17 7 billion on Reality Labs just last fiscal year. I would ask Gabban how it happened, but I'm pretty sure he's busy on his yacht. All I know is that I want one. Whether it's for

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wireless PC gaming, native gaming on the road with minimal bulk in my bag, or even just relaxing on the couch watching movies on the big screen. Like, what kind of sucker needs a big TV when this thing exists?

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So, with the frame clearly taking the place of the Index in Valve's lineup, what happens to all the users of the Index? and maybe more importantly the third party ecosystem that exists around its base stations and Knuckles controllers. The short answer is the

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index is EOL, but the long answer is Valve would love to see other players in the VR space approach them about continuing to support or even continuing to manufacture these devices. Whether that'll happen, I don't know, but at

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enjoyed this video, go check out part two on the Steam machine as well as the new 2026 edition of the Valve Steam Controller. Mind-blowing stuff today. I can't believe they blindsided me with this. They're like, "Come down. We'll

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tell you nothing. You have 4 hours to do everything.

Topics:Valve Steam FrameVR headset reviewstandalone VRPCVR wireless streamingoutside-in trackingpancake lensesProton FEXARM VR headsetVR controllersfoveated streaming

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes the Steam Frame different from other standalone VR headsets?

The Steam Frame combines outside-in tracking with an ARM-based computer running Steam OS and a Proton compatibility layer, allowing it to run x86 Windows VR games on ARM Linux with low latency and high fidelity.

How does the Steam Frame handle PC VR wireless streaming?

Valve uses dual Wi-Fi radios including a 6 GHz band dongle to stream PC VR content wirelessly with latency indistinguishable from wired setups, enabling a smooth and reliable VR experience.

What are the key features of the Steam Frame controllers?

The controllers feature capacitive sensing for five-finger tracking, two-stage triggers and grips, magnetic thumbsticks with low dead zones, and 18 infrared LEDs for precise tracking by the headset's cameras.

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