Speaker A
The Philippines a century hence in Spanish, Filipinas dentro de cien años.
Dr. Jose Rizal's essay predicts the Philippines' future, analyzing Spanish colonial impact and Filipino resilience over a century.
Key Takeaways
- Spanish colonization caused social, cultural, and economic hardships for Filipinos.
- Filipino unity and national consciousness were crucial for resisting colonial rule.
- Cultural assimilation and religion were major legacies of Spanish rule.
- Despite oppression, Filipinos developed a strong desire for independence.
- Rizal’s predictions highlighted both challenges and hopes for the Philippines’ future.
Summary
- The essay 'The Philippines a Century Hence' by Dr. Jose Rizal forecasts the country's condition 100 years after Spanish colonization.
- Rizal identifies causes of Filipino misery including Spain's military policies, cultural deterioration, and Filipino passivity.
- Spanish military conscription reduced the male population and neglected Filipino families and lands.
- Indigenous Filipino culture declined due to Spanish influence, including language, surnames, and religion.
- Filipinos were submissive to Spanish friars due to fear of punishment, limiting resistance.
- Racial discrimination awakened Filipino national consciousness, motivating eventual revolution.
- Early revolts failed due to lack of unity and geographic fragmentation of the islands.
- Rizal questions if Spain could prevent Philippine progress through ignorance, poverty, or extermination.
- Keeping Filipinos ignorant failed due to the rise of the educated ilustrado class and national awakening.
- Keeping Filipinos in poverty also failed as it fueled their desire for change and resistance.
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
Speaker A
Okay, so this essay published in La Solidaridad starts by analyzing the various causes of the miseries suffered by the Filipino people. Dr. Rizal wrote this to forecast the future of the country within a hundred years.
Speaker A
So from the title itself pa lang, my dear students, you can get an idea about this essay of Rizal. When we say century, it's a period of 100 years.
Speaker A
Basically speaking, ano na nga ba ang kalagayan ng Philippines within or maybe after 100 years? That is the content of The Philippines a Century Hence.
Speaker A
Just like The Indolence of the Filipino People, this essay was also published in the newspaper La Solidaridad.
Speaker A
So sa essay na 'to, nagkaroon ng prediction si Rizal, he tried to respond to the question, what would be the situation of the Philippines within 100 years?
Speaker A
Would the Philippines remain a colony of Spain? Sakop pa rin kaya tayo, kontrolado pa rin kaya tayo ng Spain pagkatapos ng 100 taon? Or would it become independent?
Speaker A
Lalaya na kaya ang Pilipinas sa pamamahala ng Spain, or would it be a colony of another nation? Tayo ba ay pamamahalaan ng iba pang bansa? Okay, diyan niya sasagutin sa kanyang essay na The Philippines a Century Hence.
Speaker A
This essay starts with an analysis of the causes of the miseries of the people.
Speaker A
One of the causes identified in this article was Spain's implementation of her military policies.
Speaker A
So sa first part ng essay ni Rizal, it gives an overview kung ano ba 'yung mga dahilan ng paghihirap ng mga Filipinos.
Speaker A
And one of the causes na kanyang na-mention was Spain's implementation of her military policies.
Speaker A
Napilitan ang mga Filipinos noon, particularly 'yung mga kalalakihan na sumali doon sa hukbong militar or sa Spanish army, at eventually nabawasan 'yung population.
Speaker A
Okay, of course hindi naman maiiwasan sa isang war, sa isang giyera, meron talagang masasawi at merong mamamatay.
Speaker A
Okay, so since 'yung mga haligi ng tahanan, 'yung mga kalalakihan ay nasa army na, hawak na ng Spanish army.
Speaker A
Naiwan 'yung kanilang pamilya at the same time naiwan 'yung kanilang mga lupa na dapat sinasaka, okay, so napabayaan nila lahat.
Speaker A
Therefore, all faces of the life of the Filipinos were retarded, nabawasan, okay, next, a second cause of this misery was deterioration and disappearance of Filipino indigenous culture.
Speaker A
So medyo masakit sa part na 'to na some of our culture and traditions ay naglalaho na, napapalitan na, okay, so dito naman, sabi ni Rizal, when we were colonized by the Spaniards.
Speaker A
'Yung ways of living ng mga early Filipinos ay nagbago, kung hindi nagbago, totally nawala.
Speaker A
Of course, sinakop tayo ng Spain, therefore, they implemented their culture, their tradition and even their ways of life in the Philippines.
Speaker A
So ramdam pa rin natin even up to this time 'yung presence at influence ng Spain, why, for example, 'yung mga words na ginagamit natin just like guapo, guapa.
Speaker A
'Yung mga word na 'yun ay hindi naman originally Filipino or hindi nanggaling sa ating language, okay, galing 'yun sa Espanyol. Another thing, merong mga Filipinos na 'yung kanilang surnames or 'yung mga apelyido nila ay tunog Espanyol.
Speaker A
For example, Valdez, Villacruz, Pimentel, Torres, 'yung mga 'yan ay galing sa mga Espanyol, why, kasi noon si Governor General Narciso Claveria, nagkaroon siya ng isang policy wherein ni-require lahat ng Filipino natives na magkaroon ng surnames.
Speaker A
Kasi noon ang mga natives natin wala pa sila 'yang apelyido, okay, so sa policy ni Narciso Claveria.
Speaker A
Nagkaroon or in-adopt ng mga natives 'yung Spanish surnames, okay, and lastly, 'yung biggest legacy ng Spain sa country natin, of course, 'yung pagdadala nila ng religion na Christianity.
Speaker A
Kasi noong unang panahon, wala pang religion ang mga Filipinos, ang mga early Filipinos, pagan pa sila.
Speaker A
Kung sino-sino 'yung mga sinasamba nila, kung ano-ano 'yung mga sinasamba nila.
Speaker A
Sinasamba nila ang mga bato, puno, lupa, hangin, ulap, lahat, okay, pero noong sinakop tayo ng Spain, dala na nila rito 'yung religion na Christianity.
Speaker A
A third cause of this miserable condition of the people was their passivity and submissiveness to the Spanish colonizers.
Speaker A
So during the time of Spaniards, naging masunurin ang mga Filipinos, they submitted their faith or their destiny to the Spanish friars, they were afraid to voice out their problems, their grievances.
Speaker A
Kasi once na ginawa nila 'yun, gaya ng sinabi ko kanina, for sure sasaktan sila and then ikukulong sila or the worst thing is they might be killed, pwede silang patayin, kaya wala silang choice kundi tumahimik na lang.
Speaker A
Okay, question, what then had made the people realize their sad situation under Spanish rule?
Speaker A
So the answer here is racial discrimination, why, you know, the Filipinos became aware that they were distinct people.
Speaker A
Parang na-realize nila na teka lang, ba't parang may iba sa amin, for the first time, they had come to realize the colonial policies and its conditions could no longer be condoned.
Speaker A
Or hindi na katanggap-tanggap, hindi na katanggap-tanggap 'yung mga policies na ipinapatupad or ini-implement niyo sa amin, so parang it's a wake-up call for them na teka lang, may mali na eh, hindi na tama itong mga ini-implement 'yung policies sa amin.
Speaker A
So noong ginawa ng mga Filipinos, they accumulated all their grievances against the Spaniards, which eventually led to the rise of revolution.
Speaker A
'Yung mga oppressions, 'yung mga injustices na na-experience nila under Spanish administration, it became their motivation to fight the Spaniards.
Speaker A
So 'yun nga lang, we have to admit, 'yung mga early revolts na nangyari sa Philippines ay hindi nag-succeed, okay, lagi tayong natatalo, why?
Speaker A
Bakit kaya pumapalya tayo sa mga revolts, kasi 'yung geographical location ng Philippines, tayo ay nahati sa iba't ibang pulo, magkakakalayo tayo, wala tayong unity.
Speaker A
Instead na magsama-sama sana lahat ng mga tao, okay, against the Spaniards, kumbaga meron tayong sari-sariling laban, okay, hindi naman ganun kadami 'yung bilang ng mga warriors natin na sasabak sa laban sa mga Spaniards, okay, kaya lagi tayong natatalo.
Speaker A
Wala tayong unity, walang coordination.
Speaker A
One question raised by Rizal in this essay was, could Spain prevent the progress of the Philippines?
Speaker A
If Spain decide to do so, what could she possibly do? Kung kaya ngang mapigilan ng Spain 'yung pag-develop, 'yung pag-angat, 'yung pag-progress ng Philippines.
Speaker A
Ano kaya 'yung mga possible things na pwede niyang gawin para ma-prevent niya 'yung pag-progress ng Philippines? Number one, keep the people ignorant, panatilihing mangmang at walang alam ang mga Filipinos.
Speaker A
Number two, keep the people in poverty, panatilihing mahirap ang mga Filipinos.
Speaker A
Number three, exterminate the Filipino race, ubosin ang Filipino race, walang matirang Filipino, tanggalin sa mapa ang Pilipinas.
Speaker A
Okay, so tingnan natin kung paano 'to sasagutin ni Rizal.
Speaker A
Number one, keeping the people ignorant failed, why, awakening of national consciousness among the people united them.
Speaker A
With the spread of enlightenment, the ilustrado class arose, 'yung number one option hindi nag-succeed, why, the national consciousness of the Filipino people was awakened and eventually united them.
Speaker A
Okay, 'yung nagising 'yung parang pagmamahal ng mga Filipinos sa sarili nilang bansa.
Speaker A
'Yung option number one nila na gawing mangmang at walang alam ang mga Filipinos ay hindi rin naging effective.
Speaker A
Kahit na may repression noon sa school, kahit na may discrimination, hindi nila napigilan 'yung pag-emerge or 'yung pag-usbong ng mga writers, ng mga artists, ng mga free thinkers na tinatawag nating ilustrado, 'yung mga nakapag-aral, the enlightened ones.
Speaker A
Okay, so tingnan natin 'yung number two.
Speaker A
'Yung number two, recourse to impoverishment was a failure also, why, so hindi sila nag-succeed na panatilihing mahirap ang Pilipinas.
Speaker A
Keeping the people in poverty created in the Filipinos the desire to change things, so since majority ng mga Filipinos noon ay naghirap dahil nga inalisan sila ng rights sa kanilang sariling mga property.
Speaker A
'Yun din 'yung nag-trigger or nag-motivate sa kanila to change things, they started exploring adventurous ideas.
Speaker A
Okay, so failed na naman sila sa number two, 'yung number three kaya, 'yung extermination of the people as an alternative to hindering progress, okay, it was a failure also, why?
Speaker A
The people had survived in spite of the wars they had engaged in and the epidemics that had plagued society, so sa dami-dami daw ng war, sa dami-dami ng giyera at epidemya or 'yung mga nakakamatay na disease na na-encounter ng mga Filipinos, they still survived.
Speaker A
In fact, 'yung bilang nga daw nila dumoble pa or trumiple pa, kaya 'yung third option ng Spaniards na ubosin ang lahing Filipino at walang matirang Filipino, that was very impossible. Moreover, sabi ni Rizal, to wipe out the Filipino race.
Speaker A
Okay, kung gusto talaga nilang ubosin ang lahing Filipino, they have to sacrifice a huge number of manpower, another question na nilagay ni Rizal sa kanyang essay.
Speaker A
Can the divide et impera or divide and rule policy still work to foster enmity between and among the natives? To Rizal, this would no longer be effective owing to the ease of movement in the archipelago brought about by improved means of transportation.
Speaker A
So divide et impera or divide and rule, from the word itself, sasakop sila ng isang country, hahatiin nila 'yun, okay, kumbaga, imi-minimize nila 'yung power ng isang country sa pamamagitan ng pag-divide, hahati-hatiin nila 'yun sa kanila pamamahalaan.
Speaker A
Okay, para less 'yung power nung bansang sinakop nila, okay, so according to Rizal, this would no longer be effective, okay, hindi na siya effective kasi madali at mabilis na lang din noon 'yung lumipat ng mga lugar.
Speaker A
Kahit saang country mo gusto pumunta, hindi na ganun kahirap due to improved means of transportation and the exchange of ideas are possible, kasi, for example, merong isang nakapag-aral, isang ilustrado na pumunta sa lugar na 'to, then pumunta pa siya sa iba't ibang lugar.
Speaker A
Kumbaga, nai-spread niya 'yung kanyang liberal ideas, 'yung kanyang mga alam.
Speaker A
Okay, kaya posible daw 'yung exchange of ideas and it can be enhanced since they have means of communication.
Speaker A
Tama naman na since okay na 'yung means of transportation, then pwede ng lumipat-lipat ang mga tao.
Speaker A
Okay, kaya 'yung divide et impera or divide and rule ay hindi na rin siya effective para ma-prevent 'yung progress ng Philippines.
Speaker A
Okay, so ang sabi ni Rizal, Spain has no way of blocking reforms and progress of the Philippines.
Speaker A
What does this imply then, there is a need for Spain to change her colonial policy in the Philippines.
Speaker A
So Spain ang mag-a-adjust, hindi ang Philippines, kailangan baguhin ni Spain 'yung pamamalakad niya sa Philippines, kung paano niya mina-manage 'yung kanyang colony.
Speaker A
'Yun ang sabi ni Rizal, and another thing, the policies should be compatible with the needs of the people.
Speaker A
Of course, kung ano ba 'yung mga kailangan ng Filipinos dapat ina-align din ng Spain, hindi pwedeng 'yung mga policies na ipinapatupad nila ay para lang sa mga Espanyol.
Speaker A
Okay, and question pa ni Rizal, what if Spain would not change her colonial policy? What if hindi baguhin ni Spain 'yung mga ipinatupad niyang policy or mga in-implement niya?
Speaker A
What if hindi mag-adjust si Spain, of course, mag-aalsa ang mga Filipino and would definitely ask for reform, so hihingi sila ng mga pagbabago at kung hindi 'yun binigay, ang last option ay maglunsad ng revolution or ng isang bloody war.
Speaker A
Rizal's essay centered on the reforms and political changes needed for the Philippines to remain under Spanish rule.
Speaker A
Nevertheless, he stressed that reforms have to be initiated by the government for them to be peaceful and effective.
Speaker A
So 'yung essay na The Philippines a Century Hence ay naka-focus siya sa mga reporma, okay, reforms and political changes.
Speaker A
Unlike noong The Indolence of the Filipino People, 'yun naman ay mga arguments ni Rizal to defend the Filipinos from the allegations of the Spaniards na tamad daw ang mga Filipinos.
Speaker A
So dito sa The Philippines a Century Hence, more on reform siya.
Speaker A
Okay, so ito 'yung mga reforms na nabanggit ni Rizal sa essay na dapat i-implement ng Spain noon, first, freedom of the press, so dapat may laya ang mga Filipino to express their problems, to voice out their grievances, may laya silang magsalita sa gobyerno na hindi sila natatakot, na hindi sila sasaktan.
Speaker A
Pangalawa, representation of the Filipinos in the Spanish Cortes or Spanish court, so dati naman meron talaga tayong representative sa Spanish court, 'yun nga lang in-abolish din ng Spain government, so ito 'yung gustong mangyari ni Rizal na dapat meron tayong representative sa Spanish court.
Speaker A
So imagine sa loob ng Spanish court, paano kung walang Filipinos doon at lahat sila mga Espanyol, so sino naman 'yung magsasabi or 'yung parang magre-relay ng mga problema natin sa Philippines, 'di ba, wala tayong representative, walang magvo-voice out ng mga problems natin.
Speaker A
Number three, granting of Spanish citizenship, so wow, so 'yung mga Filipinos pala na gustong or mag-adopt 'yung Spanish citizenship, pwede lang pala.
Speaker A
Okay, pwedeng bigyan ang mga Filipinos ng rights na magkaroon ng Spanish citizenship.
Speaker A
Then next, filling of government positions, but kailangan merong examination, masala 'yung mga deserving doon sa position, kasi ito 'yung masakit na part sa time natin today, okay, nag-e-exist pa rin 'yung backup system.
Speaker A
Kahit pa overqualified ka sa work or magaling ka, napasa mo 'yung interview, napasa mo 'yung exam, kung 'yung kasama mong applicant ay kamag-anak, pamangkin or pinsan, sige or sabihin na nating relative nung director or nung head nung isang institution or nung isang government agency, hindi ikaw 'yung kukunin kahit na ikaw 'yung deserving sa position.
Speaker A
Okay, 'tong backup system ay nangyari na rin pala noon, so dapat daw masala kung sino 'yung dapat kunin sa position, government positions.
Speaker A
Next, in reforms in commerce, agriculture and education, and last but not the least, kailangan 'yung kino-consider pa rin 'yung kaligtasan ng mga Filipinos, okay, greater security for the individual.
Speaker A
Okay, so the question of Rizal, which colonizing power will replace Spain, will it be a European power or an Asian power, since hindi pa ready ang Philippines for a self-government, hindi pa natin kaya noon i-manage 'yung sarili nating country.
Speaker A
Tayo ay ipinasa, okay, binenta tayo ng Spain sa isang country, so according sa pagka-analyze ni Rizal, 'yung mga countries sa Europe hindi na interesado sa Philippines kasi busy na rin sila sa mga colony nila or doon sa mga nasakop nilang bansa.
Speaker A
At the same time, ganun din sa Asian continent, 'yung mga countries sa Asia hindi na rin interesado sa Philippines para sakupin.
Speaker A
So to Rizal, this country is none other than the United States of America.
Speaker A
What Rizal envisioned in this essay came true, the Americans entered the Philippines and wrestled from Spain the control of the Philippines.
Speaker A
So diyan nagtatapos 'yung content, okay, ng The Philippines a Century Hence.
Topics:Jose RizalPhilippines historySpanish colonizationThe Philippines a Century HenceFilipino culturenationalismcolonialismLa SolidaridadFilipino revolutionilustrado
