Speaker A
ادع الى سبيل ربك بالحكمه والموعظه الحسنه وجادلهم بالتي هي احسن.
Lesson 3 of Madinah Arabic Book 1 teaches pronunciation rules of definite article 'al' and exercises on vocabulary and grammar.
Key Takeaways
- The Arabic definite article 'al' has two pronunciation forms depending on the following letter: clear lam (qamariyah) or merged lam (shamsiyah).
- Correct pronunciation affects reading fluency but not the definiteness or meaning of the word.
- Huruf shamsiyah are solar letters that cause the 'lam' to be silent and the following letter to be doubled with shaddah.
- Consistent practice with reading, writing, and vowelization is essential for mastering Arabic pronunciation rules.
- Understanding these rules aids in accurate Quranic recitation and Arabic language learning.
Summary
- Focus on differentiating the pronunciation of the Arabic definite article 'al' as clear (qamariyah) or merged (shamsiyah).
- Explanation of when to pronounce the 'lam' clearly and when to merge it with the following letter.
- Reading exercises to practice correct pronunciation and meaning of words with 'al'.
- Introduction and memorization of huruf shamsiyah (solar letters) and huruf qamariyah (moon letters).
- Vocabulary practice with words like star, man, rooster, student, merchant, and related adjectives.
- Homework exercises include reading, writing with correct vowelization, and matching words with suitable adjectives.
- Emphasis on correct placement of diacritics (tashkil) and shaddah in writing exercises.
- Practice with common Arabic phrases and sentences to reinforce grammar and pronunciation rules.
- Coverage of basic Arabic prayers and religious terms such as names of the five daily prayers.
- Encouragement to write exercises in notebooks for better practice and retention.
Full Transcript — Download SRT & Markdown
Speaker A
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله حمدا كثيرا طيبا مباركا فيه كما يحب ربنا ويرضاه.
Speaker A
So last lesson we covered parts two of lesson three, part two of lesson three and the main theme was knowing the difference between and.
Speaker A
And all of this is so that we are able to differentiate between the al which is pronounced clearly with a sukoon and the lam which is merged into the letter after it.
Speaker A
So there's two ways of pronouncing this al, sometimes we read it clearly, al, al-Qalam, this is when it's followed by a.
Speaker A
But when it's followed by a we don't read the lam, we merge it into the letter after it, an-Najm.
Speaker A
Okay, so let's start.
Speaker A
Najmun, a star.
Speaker A
An-Najmu, the star.
Speaker A
Rajulun, a man.
Speaker A
Ar-Rajulu, ar-Rajulu, the man.
Speaker A
So we don't say al-Rajulu, we say ar-Rajulu.
Speaker A
So we should by now be able to differentiate between the and.
Speaker A
Diykun, a rooster.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku, you should have a here.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku, the rooster.
Speaker A
Talibun, a student.
Speaker A
At-Talibu, the student.
Speaker A
So their pronunciation doesn't affect the fact that the gets taken off or the meaning that it's become it becomes definite.
Speaker A
This is not affected.
Speaker A
So after knowing this, the author he takes us on to this reading exercise here.
Speaker A
So let's read.
Speaker A
Number one.
Speaker A
An-Najmu ba'idun.
Speaker A
An-Najmu ba'idun.
Speaker A
The star is far away.
Speaker A
Number two.
Speaker A
Ar-Rajulu waqifun.
Speaker A
Ar-Rajulu waqifun.
Speaker A
The man is standing.
Speaker A
Waqifun.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru hulwun.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru hulwun.
Speaker A
The sugar is sweet.
Speaker A
At-Talibu maridun.
Speaker A
At-Talibu maridun.
Speaker A
The student is sick.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku jamilun.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku jamilun.
Speaker A
The rooster is beautiful.
Speaker A
Ad-Daftaru jadidun.
Speaker A
Ad-Daftaru jadidun.
Speaker A
The notebook is new.
Speaker A
At-Tajiru ghaniyun.
Speaker A
At-Tajiru ghaniyun.
Speaker A
The merchant is rich.
Speaker A
Ad-Dukkanu maftuhun.
Speaker A
Ad-Dukkanu maftuhun.
Speaker A
The shop is open.
Speaker A
Number nine.
Speaker A
Al-Waladu faqirun.
Speaker A
Al-Waladu faqirun.
Speaker A
The boy is poor.
Speaker A
At-Tuffahu ladhidhun.
Speaker A
At-Tuffahu ladhidhun.
Speaker A
The apple is tasty.
Speaker A
Ladhidhun is usually used for foods that taste nice.
Speaker A
Whereas hulwun, sweet.
Speaker A
Something is sweet.
Speaker A
I could say at-Tuffahu hulwun if it was very sweet.
Speaker A
But ladhidh is generally what's used for describing food that tastes nice.
Speaker A
At-Tabibu tawilun wal-maridu qasirun.
Speaker A
At-Tabibu tawilun wal-maridu qasirun.
Speaker A
The doctor is tall and the patient is short.
Speaker A
So marid can either refer to a person who is sick or it can refer to a description of a person as being sick.
Speaker A
At-Talibu maridun, the student is sick.
Speaker A
Al-Marid, the sick or the patient, yeah, is short.
Speaker A
So this is the reading exercise.
Speaker A
Testing us to see whether we are able to pronounce the and.
Speaker A
When do we say al and when do we say at, ad, ad.
Speaker A
So here we said wal, we didn't say wa-maridun.
Speaker A
We said wal-maridun.
Speaker A
Why? Because mim is from the.
Speaker A
Here we said al-Walad, we didn't say aw-Walad.
Speaker A
Why? Because waw is from the so the lam has to be pronounced clearly with a sukoon.
Speaker A
Tamarun, exercises.
Speaker A
So there's more than one exercise.
Speaker A
And this was homework.
Speaker A
Exercise number one, iqra wa-ktub ma'a dabti awakhiril kalimat.
Speaker A
Read and write with vowelization of the endings of the words.
Speaker A
Correct vowelization of the endings of the words.
Speaker A
So this awakhiril kalimat really shouldn't be there because if you look at the words, all of them have al.
Speaker A
All of them have al.
Speaker A
So it's not really a testing of whether we take off the tanween or not.
Speaker A
It's actually testing of whether we can read the and differentiate between them correctly.
Speaker A
So this name or the exercise heading.
Speaker A
The endings of the words is not really appropriate.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
Al-Babu.
Speaker A
Or al-Babu.
Speaker A
Al-Babu.
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Huruf.
Speaker A
Qamariyah.
Speaker A
The door.
Speaker A
At-Tajiru.
Speaker A
Or al-Tajiru.
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Yes.
Speaker A
At-Tajiru.
Speaker A
Huruf.
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Shamsiyah.
Speaker A
And we said.
Speaker A
Huruf shamsiyah is easy to memorize.
Speaker A
We memorize ta and tha.
Speaker A
And then we start from dal and count 10.
Speaker A
Dal, dhal, ra, za, sin, shin, sad, dad, ta, dha.
Speaker A
Then lam, nun.
Speaker A
And that's the huruf shamsiyah.
Speaker A
Whatever is not part of the huruf shamsiyah is from huruf qamariyah.
Speaker A
Ta is from the huruf shamsiyah.
Speaker A
At-Tajiru, the merchant.
Speaker A
An-Najmu, the star.
Speaker A
Al-Qamaru, the moon.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku, the rooster.
Speaker A
Al-Ma'u, the water.
Speaker A
As-Sariru, the bed.
Speaker A
Al-Baytu, the house.
Speaker A
Al-Masjidu, the masjid or the mosque.
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Ar-Rajulu, the man.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru, two shaddahs.
Speaker A
Sin and the kaf.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru, the sugar.
Speaker A
Al-Waraqu, the paper or the leaf.
Speaker A
Fill in the gap in that which follows by placing a suitable word.
Speaker A
So something or someone is ghaniyun.
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Ghaniyun means rich.
Speaker A
Who is ghani?
Speaker A
I could say.
Speaker A
At-Tajiru ghaniyun.
Speaker A
The merchant is rich.
Speaker A
Something is sweet.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru hulwun.
Speaker A
The sugar is sweet.
Speaker A
Someone is sick.
Speaker A
Ar-Rajulu maridun.
Speaker A
Ar-Rajulu maridun, the man is sick.
Speaker A
Something is tasty.
Speaker A
At-Tuffahu ladhidhun.
Speaker A
At-Tuffahu ladhidhun.
Speaker A
The apple is tasty.
Speaker A
At-Tabibu qasirun.
Speaker A
The doctor is short.
Speaker A
At-Tabibu qasirun.
Speaker A
That's exercise number two.
Speaker A
Okay, let's go to the next exercise.
Speaker A
Here it says ikhtar kalimah min al-qa'imah ba'a tunasib al-kalimah allati fi al-qa'imah hamzah.
Speaker A
Choose a word from list labeled ba which is suitable to the word in the list labeled hamzah.
Speaker A
So we need to choose one word from here which matches with the word from here.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
At-Talibu.
Speaker A
The student.
Speaker A
Something about the student.
Speaker A
I would say.
Speaker A
Maridun.
Speaker A
At-Talibu maridun.
Speaker A
The student is sick.
Speaker A
Ad-Dukkanu, the shop.
Speaker A
The shop is.
Speaker A
Maftuhun.
Speaker A
Ad-Dukkanu maftuhun.
Speaker A
So put a line.
Speaker A
At-Tuffahu.
Speaker A
At-Tuffahu.
Speaker A
The apple is.
Speaker A
Ladhidhun, tasty.
Speaker A
So put a line.
Speaker A
It's better to do it in the books, notebooks.
Speaker A
Not inside here.
Speaker A
It's better to write these exercises out in the notebook and do it.
Speaker A
Al-Ma'u, the water is.
Speaker A
Harrun.
Speaker A
The water is hot.
Speaker A
Al-Hajaru.
Speaker A
Al-Hajaru, something that I haven't used.
Speaker A
Thaqilun.
Speaker A
Al-Hajaru thaqilun.
Speaker A
The rock is heavy.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu.
Speaker A
Maksurun.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu maksurun.
Speaker A
The pen is broken.
Speaker A
Okay, al-Kalimat al-Jadidah.
Speaker A
We covered this last lesson.
Speaker A
So we have completed all of the homework.
Speaker A
Except for this final one.
Speaker A
Final one, tamrin, exercise.
Speaker A
This is also testing us with the, whether we can differentiate between the two in terms of pronunciation.
Speaker A
Iqra al-kalimat al-atiyah wa-ktubha muraiyan qawa'ida nutq al-huruf al-qamariyah.
Speaker A
Read the following words and write them out while bearing in mind or taking care of the principles related to nutq al-huruf al-qamariyah.
Speaker A
Pronouncing the and.
Speaker A
Al-Baytu.
Speaker A
Al-Baytu.
Speaker A
So this is a writing, I need to write it out in my book and place the correct tashkil.
Speaker A
So here with the lam I'm pronouncing it clearly so I would put lam, I'll put a sukoon on the lam.
Speaker A
Al-Baytu.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku.
Speaker A
I would place a shaddah on the dal.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku.
Speaker A
Ad-Diyku, the rooster.
Speaker A
Al-Mudarrisu, the teacher.
Speaker A
Al-Babu, the door.
Speaker A
At-Talibu, the student.
Speaker A
So here the lam no sukoon, ta has going to have a shaddah.
Speaker A
At-Ta.
Speaker A
Because ta is from the.
Speaker A
So the lam is not pronounced.
Speaker A
Rather the ta is going to have a shaddah.
Speaker A
At-Talibu.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru.
Speaker A
As-Sukkaru.
Speaker A
Ad-Daftaru, the notebook.
Speaker A
Ad-Daftaru.
Speaker A
Al-Akhu.
Speaker A
Al-Akhu.
Speaker A
This hamzah is supposed to be on top here, on top of the alif here.
Speaker A
It's not supposed to be in the middle here.
Speaker A
Right now it's in the middle, it should be on top of the alif directly on top here.
Speaker A
Al-Akhu.
Speaker A
Al-Akhu, the brother.
Speaker A
Ar-Rasulu.
Speaker A
Ar-Rasulu, the messenger.
Speaker A
Muhammad.
Speaker A
Rasulullah.
Speaker A
Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.
Speaker A
Al-Wajhu.
Speaker A
Al-Wajhu, the face.
Speaker A
As-Siddiqu.
Speaker A
The friend.
Speaker A
Al-Qur'anu, the Quran, the speech of Allah.
Speaker A
As-Salatu, the prayer.
Speaker A
Al-Ka'batu, the Ka'bah.
Speaker A
Al-Ka'batu, the Ka'bah, which is in Makkah.
Speaker A
Ar-Ra'su.
Speaker A
Ar-Ra'su, the head.
Speaker A
Al-Isba'u.
Speaker A
Al-Isba'u is the finger.
Speaker A
The finger.
Speaker A
As-Sabunu.
Speaker A
As-Sabunu, the soap.
Speaker A
Soap.
Speaker A
Ad-Dufru, fingernail.
Speaker A
Ad-Dufru, fingernail.
Speaker A
Al-Fajru.
Speaker A
Al-Fajru, salat al-Fajr.
Speaker A
Or it can mean early part of the the day.
Speaker A
Al-Fajru.
Speaker A
Ad-Duhru, the Duhr prayer.
Speaker A
Ad-Duhru.
Speaker A
Al-Asru, the Asr prayer.
Speaker A
Salat al-Asr.
Speaker A
Al-Asr.
Speaker A
Asr.
Speaker A
It can refer to the evening.
Speaker A
Al-Maghribu.
Speaker A
Al-Maghribu.
Speaker A
The Isha or the Maghrib prayer and it can also refer to the time after sunset.
Speaker A
Al-Isha'u.
Speaker A
Al-Isha'u.
Speaker A
The Isha prayer.
Speaker A
So al-Fajru, ad-Duhru, al-Asru, al-Maghribu, al-Isha'u, the five obligatory prayers.
Speaker A
Then we have a picture of a hand.
Speaker A
Okay, this is the homework.
Speaker A
Inshallah we're going to start today's lesson.
Speaker A
Okay, in today's lesson we're not going to move on to lesson four.
Speaker A
In lesson three, there are several things that we need to mention before moving on.
Speaker A
Firstly, let's quickly recap what we've taken so far.
Speaker A
So we've taken so far that the Arabic language is made made up of words.
Speaker A
Kalimatun is a word.
Speaker A
Kalimatun.
Speaker A
Kalimatun is a word.
Speaker A
The plural of kalimatun is kalimatun.
Speaker A
Kalimatun.
Speaker A
Kalimatun, remember al-kalimat al-jadidah, the new words.
Speaker A
The new words.
Speaker A
Okay, kalimatun in the Arabic language, we said the words in the Arabic language are divided into three types.
Speaker A
There are three types of words.
Speaker A
We have ismun.
Speaker A
Then we have fi'lun and harfun.
Speaker A
So ismun is a noun, fi'lun is a verb and harfun is a particle.
Speaker A
Something which connects the two.
Speaker A
Harfun, a particle.
Speaker A
Then we said in book one we're going to concentrate on ismun more than fi'lun and harfun.
Speaker A
So we're going to concentrate on ismun.
Speaker A
Then we said ismun, we categorized ismun into several categorizations.
Speaker A
The first one was in terms of gender.
Speaker A
In terms of gender.
Speaker A
Ismun can either be muzakkarun.
Speaker A
Muzakkarun, masculine.
Speaker A
Or mu'annathun, feminine.
Speaker A
We said it's either muzakkarun or mu'annathun.
Speaker A
That's in terms of gender, the ism is either muzakkarun or mu'annathun.
Speaker A
Whether it's living or non-living, it always has a gender.
Speaker A
So what's the gender of qalamun?
Speaker A
The gender of qalamun.
Speaker A
The gender of qalamun is that it is muzakkar.
Speaker A
How do we know it's muzakkar?
Speaker A
Because we can say hadha qalamun.
Speaker A
It's correct to say hadha qalamun.
Speaker A
This is a pen.
Speaker A
Because hadha is used to point at point at things which are masculine.
Speaker A
Yeah.
Speaker A
So we can say hadha qalamun.
Speaker A
And that's correct.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
Can be categorized in terms of number.
Speaker A
In terms of number.
Speaker A
Every noun indicates one of three numbers.
Speaker A
Either mufradun, singular.
Speaker A
Mufradun.
Speaker A
Or muthanna.
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Muthanna is dual.
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Two.
Speaker A
If it's more than two, jam'un, plural.
Speaker A
Jam'un.
Speaker A
This is in terms of number.
Speaker A
We also mentioned previously that every noun is either.
Speaker A
Ma'rifah or nakirah.
Speaker A
Definite or indefinite.
Speaker A
Every noun in terms of it being definite.
Speaker A
Indicating something specific or something which is not specific.
Speaker A
Is split into two.
Speaker A
So we have ma'rifah.
Speaker A
Ma'rifah.
Speaker A
And here we have nakirah.
Speaker A
Nakirah.
Speaker A
What's nakirah?
Speaker A
Indefinite.
Speaker A
Something that is not specific.
Speaker A
What's ma'rifah?
Speaker A
Something specific.
Speaker A
Okay, so these are different categorizations of nouns.
Speaker A
In terms of gender, muzakkarun, mu'annathun, masculine, feminine.
Speaker A
In terms of number, it's either indicate something which is singular, dual or plural.
Speaker A
In terms of is it indicating something which is specific, it's either ma'rifah or unspecific, nakirah, definite, indefinite.
Speaker A
Okay, with words we use words to create sentences.
Speaker A
How do we say sentence in Arabic?
Speaker A
We say jumlatun.
Speaker A
Jumlatun.
Speaker A
What's a jumla?
Speaker A
A jumla is a sentence.
Speaker A
Jumlatun means sentence.
Speaker A
There are two types of sentences in the Arabic language.
Speaker A
First type is jumlatun ismiyatun.
Speaker A
Jumlatun ismiyatun.
Speaker A
Ism, we said is a noun.
Speaker A
So noun, something to do with noun.
Speaker A
A sentence to do dealing with nouns.
Speaker A
They translate it as a nominal, nominal sentence.
Speaker A
Or noun or sentence or nominal sentence.
Speaker A
And the second type of sentence is jumlatun fi'liyatun.
Speaker A
Jumlatun fi'liyatun.
Speaker A
Fi'l is a verb.
Speaker A
So some sentence which revolves around a verb.
Speaker A
We call it a verbal sentence.
Speaker A
Verbal sentence.
Speaker A
So we have a jumlatun ismiyatun and jumlatun fi'liyatun.
Speaker A
We said book one deals with nouns.
Speaker A
For that reason we're going to be concentrating on jumlatun ismiyatun, the nominal sentence.
Speaker A
Firstly, what's the difference between a jumlatun ismiyatun and a jumlatun fi'liyatun?
Speaker A
The main difference is that this one.
Speaker A
Starts with a noun.
Speaker A
Starts with a noun.
Speaker A
Starts with an ism.
Speaker A
And jumlatun fi'liyatun.
Speaker A
Starts with a verb.
Speaker A
Starts with a verb.
Speaker A
Starts with a fi'l.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
So that cancels out jumlatun fi'liyatun.
Speaker A
We're not going to be speaking about this.
Speaker A
Now we're going to be speaking about jumlatun ismiyatun.
Speaker A
We know the jumlatun ismiyatun is one which starts with a noun.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
How do we construct a jumlatun ismiyatun?
Speaker A
Jumlatun ismiyatun, to construct a jumlatun ismiyatun you have to have two parts.
Speaker A
You have to have two elements.
Speaker A
For any jumlatun ismiyatun you will always have these two elements.
Speaker A
The first element which is the subject.
Speaker A
You have to talk about something in your sentence.
Speaker A
What's the subject or the topic of that sentence?
Speaker A
Yeah, something that you're giving information about.
Speaker A
Something you're talking about.
Speaker A
The thing that you're talking about is called mubtada'un.
Speaker A
Mubtada'un.
Speaker A
What's mubtada?
Speaker A
The subject or the topic or the thing you're talking about.
Speaker A
Yeah.
Speaker A
Subject.
Speaker A
I'm going to write subject.
Speaker A
The subject of your sentence.
Speaker A
What is your sentence?
Speaker A
Revolving around.
Speaker A
You're informing about something.
Speaker A
What is this that you're talking about?
Speaker A
This is called mubtada.
Speaker A
Once you have something that you're talking about, you need to give information about this thing.
Speaker A
We use khabarun to give information about the subject.
Speaker A
Khabarun.
Speaker A
What's khabar?
Speaker A
The word that comes to give information.
Speaker A
They translate it as predicate, but I'm going to say information.
Speaker A
Information.
Speaker A
So we have subject, something that we're talking about and then information about this thing we're talking about.
Speaker A
That's how we create a sentence.
Speaker A
So let's give an example.
Speaker A
I'm going to say al-Qalamu.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu is what I'm talking about.
Speaker A
So this is my mubtada.
Speaker A
So this is the first component, the first element of the sentence.
Speaker A
Okay, now I need to give information, khabar.
Speaker A
I could say al-Qalamu, is it tall, is it short, is it broken, is it new?
Speaker A
Okay, I'll say it's new.
Speaker A
Jadidun.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu jadidun.
Speaker A
The pen is new.
Speaker A
The pen is new.
Speaker A
This is a complete sentence, I can put a full stop.
Speaker A
This is a jumla.
Speaker A
And this jumla, is it jumlatun fi'liyatun or jumlatun ismiyatun?
Speaker A
Okay, what's a jumlatun fi'liyatun?
Speaker A
Starts with a verb.
Speaker A
Is it starting with a verb?
Speaker A
This is not a verb.
Speaker A
Qalamun is not a verb.
Speaker A
Is it starting with a noun?
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu is a noun.
Speaker A
Yes, it's a noun.
Speaker A
So this must be a jumlatun ismiyatun because it's starting with a noun.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
Jumlatun ismiyatun is built up of mubtada and khabar.
Speaker A
Subject and something comes to give information about the subject.
Speaker A
Is that what I have?
Speaker A
Okay, let's see.
Speaker A
What am I talking about in this sentence?
Speaker A
Pen.
Speaker A
Okay, I have my mubtada.
Speaker A
Is there something which gives information about the mubtada?
Speaker A
Jadidun.
Speaker A
Okay, jadidun is my khabar.
Speaker A
So I have al-Qalamu jadidun.
Speaker A
Mubtada, khabar.
Speaker A
Mubtada, khabar.
Speaker A
My sentence is complete and it makes sense.
Speaker A
The pen is new.
Speaker A
So this is what we need to know within lesson three.
Speaker A
That the sentences that we've been constructing, the sentences that we've been.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu jadidun.
Speaker A
The pen is new.
Speaker A
At-Tabibu qasirun.
Speaker A
The doctor is short.
Speaker A
All of these short sentences, they were actually jumlatun ismiyatun.
Speaker A
All of them were nominal sentences.
Speaker A
And the first part was our mubtada, subject.
Speaker A
Every part of those short sentences that we are reading.
Speaker A
We actually had jumlatun ismiyatun and the first part was our mubtada.
Speaker A
And the second part was our khabar.
Speaker A
So if we go back to the book.
Speaker A
So from the start, this is what the author was teaching us.
Speaker A
Al-Qalamu maksurun.
Speaker A
The pen is broken.
Speaker A
Jumlatun ismiyatun.
Speaker A
This is a nominal sentence.
Speaker A
This is our mubtada.
Speaker A
This is our khabar.
Speaker A
Al-Babu maftuhun.
Speaker A
The door is open.
Speaker A
Mubtada, khabar.
Speaker A
And then the exercises here.
Speaker A
He was giving you the mubtada, al-Hajaru.
Speaker A
So he's given you the mubtada, he wants you to fill in the blank.
Speaker A
What is this blank?
Speaker A
This is the khabar.
Speaker A
Information about the mubtada to complete the sentence.
Speaker A
Because you can't have one worded sentence, it won't make sense.
Speaker A
It needs to be a jumlatun mufidah.
Speaker A
Something which is beneficial.
Speaker A
Al-Hajaru.
Speaker A
What about the Hajar?
Speaker A
So far it's incomplete.
Speaker A
Al-Hajaru thaqilun.
Speaker A
So I give an appropriate khabar.
Speaker A
So here he's given me the mubtada, he wants a khabar.
Speaker A
And he does the opposite in the next exercise.
Speaker A
He's given me the khabar now.
Speaker A
He wants me to fill in the mubtada.
Speaker A
Al-Qamisu nazifun.
Speaker A
Yeah.
Speaker A
And the same here.
Speaker A
Yeah, these exercises were actually testing you to see if you can put in the correct mubtada and the correct khabar.
Speaker A
Yeah.
Speaker A
So all of this, these sentences.
Speaker A
They were giving you mubtada, khabar.
Speaker A
Mubtada, khabar.
Speaker A
I'm going to give another example sentence.
Speaker A
The example sentence is al-Kitabu kabirun.
Speaker A
Al-Kitabu kabirun.
Speaker A
Full stop.
Speaker A
Because this is a complete sentence.
Speaker A
Al-Kitabu kabirun.
Speaker A
The book is big.
Speaker A
The book is big.
Speaker A
What type of jumla is this?
Speaker A
What type of sentence is this?
Speaker A
This is a jumlatun ismiyatun.
Speaker A
Why is it a jumlatun ismiyatun?
Speaker A
Because it starts with a noun.
Speaker A
Okay, now the question is.
Speaker A
How do I know that this is a noun?
Speaker A
How do I know that this word is a noun?
Speaker A
I'm going to give you two signs which you should be looking for to identify whether a word is a noun or not.
Speaker A
Two signs.
Speaker A
The first one is alif lam, al.
Speaker A
Al.
Speaker A
This al, if you find al at the start or prefixed to a word.
Speaker A
Then you know that this word is a noun.
Speaker A
I know kitabun is a noun because al has been added to it.
Speaker A
The second one is tanween.
Speaker A
Tanween.
Speaker A
We know what tanween is.
Speaker A
We've spoken about it.
Speaker A
So tanween also is a sign that a word is a noun.
Speaker A
Is an ism.
Speaker A
I know this is an ism because of the tanween that's there.
Speaker A
So this sign comes at the beginning of the noun and this sign comes at the end of the noun.
Speaker A
I know this is a jumlatun ismiyatun because it starts with a noun.
Speaker A
I know this is a noun because it has al.
Speaker A
Okay, that's the first thing that we need to remember.
Speaker A
So look here now.
Speaker A
Al-Kitab, al-Kitab which is the thing that I'm talking about.
Speaker A
Is definite.
Speaker A
So mubtada.
Speaker A
The mubtada.
Speaker A
Which is what I'm talking about.
Speaker A
The subject of the sentence.
Speaker A
Comes first.
Speaker A
Yeah.
Speaker A
So the mubtada usually comes first.
Speaker A
And it's definite.
Speaker A
How is this definite?
Speaker A
It has al attached to it.
Speaker A
The book.
Speaker A
I'm talking about something specific.
Speaker A
And it's a noun.
Speaker A
The mubtada is going to be a noun.
Speaker A
Okay, let's look at the khabar now.
Speaker A
The khabar.
Speaker A
So if the mubtada comes first, that means the khabar comes after.
Speaker A
Comes after M.
Speaker A
Which is the mubtada.
Speaker A
That's number one.
Speaker A
Number two.
Speaker A
Is it definite or indefinite?
Speaker A
Indefinite.
Speaker A
And it's also a noun.
Speaker A
Number three.
Speaker A
And it's also a noun.
Speaker A
Okay, so these are the three characteristics for each.
Speaker A
Three characteristics.
Speaker A
The mubtada comes first.
Speaker A
And the mubtada is definite.
Speaker A
And it's a noun.
Speaker A
Our khabar should come after the mubtada.
Speaker A
It should be indefinite.
Speaker A
And it should be a noun also.
Speaker A
So three characteristics for each.
Speaker A
Three characteristics.
Speaker A
Okay.
Speaker A
Subhanakallahumma wa bihamdika ashhadu alla ilaha illa anta astaghfiruka wa atubu ilayk.
Topics:Madinah ArabicArabic grammardefinite article alhuruf shamsiyahhuruf qamariyahArabic pronunciationArabic vocabularyArabic exercisesQuranic ArabicArabic language learning
