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Veins are blood vessels containing blood flowing to the heart, while arteries have blood flowing from the heart.
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The blue is representative of blood vessels containing deoxygenated blood, while the red blood vessels have oxygenated blood fresh from the lungs.
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Now, let's follow the path of the blood through the heart.
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The superior vena cava receives blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.
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Meanwhile, the inferior vena cava receives blood from the trunk, viscera, and lower limbs.
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Both the superior and inferior vena cava end up in the right atrium, one of the four chambers of the heart.
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The heart not only has four chambers, it also has four valves. The purpose of the valves is to keep blood moving in the right direction and not flow backwards.
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Blood exits the right atrium through the tricuspid valve, so called because it has three flaps, and enters the right ventricle.
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The blood exits the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and enters the pulmonary artery.
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Again, it is an artery because blood is flowing away from the heart, but it is blue because it lacks oxygen.
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The pulmonary artery then splits into the left and right pulmonary arteries, which go to each respective lung.
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In the lungs, gas exchange occurs. The blood discards carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
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Now, blood comes back from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium.
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Next, the blood is pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral or bicuspid valve.
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Finally, the oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve, entering the aortic arch.
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The aorta, which is the largest of all the arteries, distributes the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
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The aortic arch has three major branches, which supply the head and arms with blood.
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Then, the aorta curls downward behind the heart, forming the descending aorta, which descends through the chest and continues down through the abdomen.
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In the abdomen, the descending aorta splits to supply the pelvis and legs with blood.
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