History Of Computers | School Presentation | Read along — Transcript

History of computers. [Music] Computers. A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Computer once meant a person who did computations, but now the term means automated electronic machinery.

[Music] Foreign computing devices. Abacus. Abacus is a counting device developed around 4,000 years ago. It is believed to be developed by the Chinese. It was a wooden rack which has metal rods with beads mounted on them. The beads were moved by the abacus operator according to some rules to perform arithmetic calculations. [Music] Earlier computing devices continue. Pascaline. A French mathematician and philosopher named Pascal invented Pascaline between 1642-1644. Pascaline is also known as an arithmetic machine or adding machine. [Music] Earlier computing devices continue.

Analytical engine. A British mathematician named Mr. Charles Babbage came up with a machine called the analytical engine in the year 1830. It was a mechanical computer that used punch cards as input. Earlier computing devices continue. Mark 1. The next major change in the history of computers began in 1937 when Howard Aiken planned to develop a machine that could perform calculations involving large numbers. In 1944, Mark 1 computer was built as a partnership between IBM and Harvard. It was the first programmable digital computer. [Music] Generation of computers. A generation of computers refers to the specific improvements in computer technology with time.

In 1946, electronic pathways called circuits were developed to perform the counting. In each new generation, the circuits became smaller and more advanced than the previous generation circuits. There are five generations of computers. First generation computers. The first generation, 1946-1959, computers were slow, huge, and expensive. In these computers, vacuum tubes were used as the basic components of CPU and memory. [Music] Second generation computers. The second generation, 1959-1965, was the era of the transistor computers. These computers used transistors which were cheap, compact, and consumed less power. It made transistor computers faster than the first generation computers. Third generation computers. The third generation computers used integrated circuits (ICs) instead of transistors. A single IC can pack a huge number of transistors which increase the power of a computer and reduce the cost. The computers also became more reliable, efficient, and smaller in size. These generation computers used remote processing, time sharing, and multi-programming as operating systems. Fourth generation computers. The fourth generation, 1971-1980, computers used very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, a chip containing millions of transistors and other circuit elements. These chips made this generation computers more compact, powerful, fast, and affordable. Fifth generation computers. In fifth generation, 1980 till date, computers, the VLSI technology was replaced with ULSI (ultra large scale integration). It made possible the production of microprocessor chips with 10 million electronic components. Thank you.

it was a mechanical computer that used Punch Cards as input earlier Computing devices continue Mach 1 the next major changes in the history of computer began in 1937 when Howard Aiken planned to develop a machine that could perform calculations

involving large numbers in 1944 Mark 1 computer was built as a partnership between IBM and Harvard it was the first programmable digital computer [Music] generation of computers a generation of computers refers to the specific improvements in computer technology with time

in 1946 electronic Pathways called circuits were developed to perform the counting in each new generation the circuits became smaller and more advanced than the previous generation circuits there are five generations of computers first generation computers the first generation

1946-1959 computers were slow huge and expensive in these computers vacuum tubes were used as the basic components of CPU and memory [Music] second generation computers the second generation 1959-1965 was the era of the transistor computers these computers use transistors which

were cheap compact and consuming less power it made transistor computers faster than the first generation computers third generation computers the third generation computers used integrated circuits ICS instead of transistors a single IC can pack huge number of transistors which increase the power of

a computer and reduce the cost the computers also became more reliable efficient and smaller in size these generation computers used remote processing time sharing multi-programming as operating system fourth generation computers the fourth generation 1971-1980 computers used very large

scale integrated vlsi circuits a chip containing millions of transistors and other circuit elements these chips made this generation computers more compact powerful fast and affordable fifth generation computers in fifth generation 1980 till date computers the vlsi technology was

replaced with ulsi ultra large scale integration it made possible the production of microprocessor chips with 10 million electronic components thank you