Dr. Mildred M. Crisostomo

the office for partnerships and programs at Don Honorio Ventura State University of Cabambangan Bacolor Pampanga. With a rich background in research, Dr. Crisostomo will share valuable insights on qualitative data analysis and software.

Let us all give a warm virtual welcome.

to Dr. Mildred M. Crisostomo.

Thank you very much to our dear moderator, am I heard? Is my voice audible?

Yes.

Yeah, thank you.

Good. Thank you very much and good morning to everyone, especially to the founder and CEO of ETCOR, Dr. Richard Sanchez.

And of course, to all the officers of the ETCOR and paper presenters and everyone on the meet right now, um a pleasant evening to everyone. Yeah.

In fact, I forwarded my presentation to your CEO and founder, Dr. Sanchez. I don't know who'll who'll facilitate that the presentation, but of course, I am so privileged to be with you tonight and share with you um data analysis, specifically qualitative data analysis using software.

But I got a disclaimer to make because when I was invited for this, I right away told Dr. Sanchez that as a researcher, I don't really use software because I believe in the authenticity and the naturalness of qualitative data.

I am quantitative research is my baby, so majority of my research studies focused on qualitative study.

I used a lot of qualitative research designs to the point of using Heideggerian phenomenology, I I have tried narratology, I have tried qualitative descriptive, specifically almost all research designs under the canopy of qualitative research, I have used all of those. Yeah, so as a researcher, I really go for qualitative research.

Um, kindly um help me with my presentation, please. Anyone who could um hear it?

Ma'am Carly, pasuyo po pa-download, sinend ko po sa inyo sa Messenger.

All right, I think for the while waiting for the presentation, I think for the past um meetings or sessions that you had, you already talked about quantitative research, qualitative research and probably even mixed research designed.

And um so I think there is a need for us to have a very quick review specifically on the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research.

I got 30 minutes only for this presentation, so I'll make it quick.

But later on, I'll definitely focus on sample analysis of data.

All right, so uh what really is the difference?

Yeah, between quantitative and qualitative research designs.

I titled my presentation, by the way, maintaining the veracity, authenticity, and quality of qualitative data. All right, onto my next slide, please.

I'll do this very quick.

Yeah, so in terms of the type of research design, let us focus on the difference between qualitative and quantitative. So as to question, um the qualitative data answer the question why.

Um and that's basically the purpose of the research for quanti, it's answering the question how many or how much.

For the data type, uh for quali, we got observation, symbol, word, field work, uh documentary analysis, um results of interview, focus group discussion and the likes.

Whereas for the quantitative, we got number, so we got statistical result.

So quanti in nature, basically.

And for the approach, we can do it through observation, we can do it through interpretation, whereas for the quantitative research, we do it through measurement or testing of data.

And for the analysis, uh for qualitative, we do it by grouping common data, uh which are non-statistical in nature, whereas for the quantitative data, it's uh statistical analysis of the quantitative data.

All right.

On to my next slide, please.

I think I got around 10 to 11 slides only.

Now, why qualitative research?

Because it is an in-depth analysis of social phenomena within natural setting.

So, it's more than it's it's more than knowing what really is the value of something through numerical data or quantitative data.

It's digging deeper, um yeah, digging deeper.

Sailing further to be able really to establish what is going on with this phenomenon.

And what is it about this phenomenon that we really need to know more about?

Why qualitative?

Because it is more personal.

Uh unlike in quantitative quantitative data, well, what numbers say is what numbers say, meanwhile, um and and you just allow your software, you just allow SPSS to do the work for you.

But not in the case of in the case of uh the qualitative uh data or qualitative research because the researcher himself or herself is the one collecting through closer contact and communication with the participants of the study or the key informants for mixed research design.

In the quantitative research, you just have to float questionnaire and sometimes you would even ask others to do it for us, so you really got no relationship with your respondents and sometimes we're not even very careful in selecting our respondents.

Um we would even allow again a a software to do the selection of uh our respondents, unlike in the qualitative research, you you identify them personally through the use of your inclusion criteria.

So somehow you have a prior knowledge of who you who your participants would be later on and uh you would deepen that relationship through contact uh with your participants.

Why qualitative?

Because it requires creative and critical thinking.

Nowadays that the world is looking for thinkers who really are into 21st century, that means you are a communicator, you are a problem solver, you are creative and critical thinker.

So if you're not like that, certainly you will not be able to survive the demands of the 21st century or even the demands of the future because we're not only preparing our teachers, our researchers or students to become future proof.

We are actually preparing them to become future ready.

Why qualitative?

Because it is heavy on problem solving.

Heavy on problem solving.

So while doing a qualitative research, you are at the same time establishing or developing further your skill on how to approach a certain problem.

If um there's a certain phenomenon that you would like to study, that's the migration of teachers of English and now they're scattered all over the world, I mean, they are everywhere.

I just learned from my one of my advises in the graduate school who's teaching right now in Taiwan as an EFL teacher that Taiwan is really a very vibrant destination for teachers of English who would like to who would like to um develop further their professional skills.

And at the same time, make good for their family through the many benefits that the that Taiwan is really offering to every teacher of English there.

So I came up with the study on that because we have so far.

Um a number of Kapampangan teachers, teachers of English that who are teaching in Taiwan right now, so I want to know personally, what is it uh that um you know, made these teachers of English who used to be teachers in the DepEd to to move.

Not really to to move not really to um go to the US, to New Zealand, which is also open right now for teachers of English or to other um first world countries at that.

But in Taiwan, just like a country in in in Asia.

In the Asian region, why there?

So I really want to know, thus I conducted a study.

A qualitative study on that.

And I'll share you a part of the of of the results later.

Or even the data later.

And why not qualitative research?

Because it requires ability to make meaning even out of non-word responses.

You agree with me?

Yeah.

Sometimes when you do an interview, when you do focus group discussion, uh you really you need to pay attention to even to nuances.

You need to pay attention to even to gaps.

To to silence of people.

Why because silence is actually the most resounding response.

I am saying this because I am both a language and literature major.

I know practically that people when they respond to your question, carry with them a lot of unique um behaviors.

Even utterances at that, so you also need to focus on those.

And if you do not focus on those, you are losing half of the journey, half of the battle, half of the battle in doing or pursuing your qualitative research.

Why not qualitative research?

Because it entails sound and highly academic analysis and interpretation.

Whenever I sit um as as chair of a panel during defense in three universities in the province, um and and the study is a qualitative research.

Ang I usually spend around two hours, two hours, you know, commenting on the turnout of the qualitative data, commenting on the themes and the sub themes.

Commenting on on the analysis and interpretations of the themes and the sub themes.

Because to me, that is very important.

It's the very soul of the paper, of the qualitative paper.

So I don't simply accept like uh a word, theme or sub theme or two word theme or sub theme and and the next one is a is a sentence or yeah, what follows that after is is a phrase.

No, no, no, that won't pass to me.

I don't accept those as very sound and highly academic sub themes.

Why not qualitative research?

Because analysis is a common problem.

Analysis is a common problem, I know that there are a lot of softwares now that we can use or can help us out even AI generated that can help us out in um analyzing.

In fact, preparing even, preparing, showing patterns in in the qualitative data that we gather.

But um it is really a problem because because.

Um you need to be very creative.

You need to be very critical.

So even though there are softwares, to me, they are not enough because they somehow sacrifice the naturalness and the authenticity of um of your data.

Of course, um AI generated softwares and other softwares that use for qualitative uh data analysis.

I told you a while ago, cannot really capture nuances.

Because you just have to submit the the word data.

Okay, word data or whatever other pictographs.

Probably that you have, but you see, once you're not able to capture nuances, you're not able to capture even behavior during your interview and all.

I told you, you're missing half of the battle and half of the journey.

On to my next slide, please.

Now, what's the solution?

Partly, the solution is the availability of software.

So what are these software for? Uh these qualitative data analysis software like NVivo, Delve, ATLAS, among others, actually allow researchers to organize, analyze and visualize their data.

Finding the patterns in qualitative data or unstructured data: interviews, surveys, field notes, videos, audio files, images, journal articles interviews, web content, etc.