Making a vow to other than Allah means saying, 'I owe a vow to so-and-so,' or 'I owe a vow to this grave,' or 'I owe a vow to the saint,' or 'I owe a vow to Gabriel,' and similar expressions. This is distinct from a vow of disobedience, where the vow is made to Allah but concerns an act of disobedience.
Making a vow to other than Allah is considered polytheism (shirk) because it involves directing an act of worship to someone other than Allah. Such a vow is not binding, does not require expiation, but necessitates repentance due to its nature as shirk.
A vow of disobedience is made to Allah but involves committing a sin, and while it is binding, it should not be fulfilled. In contrast, a vow to other than Allah is not made to Allah at all, but to another entity, and it is considered polytheism, not binding, and requires repentance.
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