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Transcription is the process of making RNA from a DNA template. Several key factors are involved in this process, including
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DNA,
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transcription factors,
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RNA polymerase,
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and ATP.
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Transcription begins with a strand of DNA. It is divided into several important regions. The largest of these is the transcription unit. This portion of the DNA will be used to produce RNA.
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Upstream of the transcription unit is the TATA box.
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An enhancer region may also be involved.
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Several complexes, known as transcription factors, are required for successful transcription.
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The first is TF2D,
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the largest of the general factors.
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A component of this factor,
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TBP,
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binds to the DNA, using the TATA box to position TF2D near the transcription initiation site.
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Other transcription factors, including TF2A and TF2B, then attach.
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These complexes prepare the DNA for the successful binding of RNA polymerase.
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Once RNA
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is bound,
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other transcription factors complete the mature transcription complex.
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Now, energy must be added to the system for transcription to begin.
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This energy is provided by the reduction of ATP into ADP and PI.
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RNA polymerase then synthesizes an RNA template from the strand of DNA.
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Most factors are released after transcription begins.
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When the end of the transcription unit is reached, the RNA polymerase dissociates,
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and the newly formed strand of RNA is released.
