And we've taught this for many, many years, as most of you may be aware, and our views are pretty consistent with most of the conservative scholars, and in order to make some of the points that we want to make, I think we'll start by just reviewing that passage in its straightforward format.
Recognizing that we're going to highlight some things that we're all guilty of sort of ignoring or failing to respond to, there may be a an alternative view that emerges that we really want to focus on, and we'll do that in the second session, but to set the stage in this first session.
We're going to be heading though for an unusual alternative viewpoint. Now, in the book of Ezekiel, of course, the first three chapters are the call of the prophet, and then we have God's judgment on Jerusalem, and those passages were written before the siege of Jerusalem.
But then chapters 25 through 32 is God's judgment on the Muslim nations, very interesting passage, by the way, and that was those were apparently given during the siege, and then chapters 33 through 48 is the rest the restoration of the Jews, which constitutes the rest of the book.
And that was given after that siege. Chapters 33 through 36 deals with the return of Israel back to the land, and chapter 37 is this famous dry bones vision, uh that sets the stage, of course, for 38 and 39.
And we're going to take a note of something we generally overlook in chapter 37, as we uh uh as we explore the significance, of course, of chapter 38 and 39, let's notice though that that that sets the stage for the climax of the book, which are the last nine chapters, chapters 40 through 48, which deals with the Millennial Kingdom.
And what we often call Ezekiel's Temple and so forth. But it's these chapters, 37, 38 and 39, that the 37, remember, as a prelude to 36, 38, 39, that uh we're going to focus on because of this strange prophecy that's there, the Magog invasion.
And it's very well known for two reasons. The first reason is that it's the occasion in which God Himself intervenes in human history to quell this ill-fated invasion of Israel by Magog and his allies, and they're listed, Persia, Cush, Phut, Libya, Gomer, Togarmah, Meshech, Tubal.
And uh the second reason this is so well known is because the passage does seem to anticipate the use of nuclear weapons, and for those two reasons, it obviously is attracted a lot of discussion from Bible buffs and others.
So, and of course, one of the first things that hits us is these strange views, these strange words, these strange names. You ever wonder why the Bible uses these weird names? Well, it's really our fault, because we keep changing the names of things.
And now, of course, it's St. Petersburg again. There was a place called Byzantium that became the capital of the world, it was named Constantinople, and of course, today it's called Istanbul.
See, we keep changing the names of things. If you were Isaiah, and God called you to talk about the Persian Empire 100 years before it shows up in history, how do you as an a prophet write about that? How do you talk about that? And the answer is, you talk about their forebears.
You speak of Elam, which is the ancestor to the Persians. You see, we don't change the name of our ancestors, so other things may change, but their ancestors don't.
So that's a convenient way to refer to a people is by their forebears, and that's exactly what the Bible does. So let's just jump in and take a look at Ezekiel chapter 38 with a few look at the first few verses.
The word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Son of man, set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him.
And say, Thus saith the Lord God, Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. Now, the chief prince, by the way, is Prince of Rosh, or Rhos.
It's not unusual for the Holy Spirit to introduce a participant of some kind without some background. Gog just surfaces here, and so there should be some preamble, there should be some linkage that we've overlooked.
And there is, I was surprised to discover some years ago, there's a very strange anomaly in the prophecies of Amos. We're going to take a little look at Amos chapter 7 in the first three verses.
In Amos 7:1 in your King James, it reads something like this: Thus hath the Lord God showed unto me, and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king's mowings.
Well, what makes it even more puzzling, in the next couple of verses, it's undone. See, Amos says, And it came to pass, that when they had made an end of eating the grass of the land, then I said, O Lord God, forgive, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small.
So the prophesied event, whatever it was, apparently never happened. So the question you can't help but ask yourself, why is this here? There must be an ulterior reason why the Holy Spirit.
Well, I've read it to you the way it reads in the King James, okay, and so I want to show you what it looks like in the Greek, if we turn to the Septuagint, realizing that the Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint, was it was translated in Greek three centuries before Christ's ministry.
And subtly the Hebrew text is what makes it which transforms it into something that makes sense here. Now, the Gog the King, now we're intrigued by that, because we know from Proverbs 30 verse 27, the locusts have no king.
And we run into that in Proverbs 30:27, the locusts have no king, and so on, and so demon locusts do, we see that in Revelation chapter 9 in the first 11 verses.
As we read Revelation 9, it says the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.
And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power, and it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those men which have not the seal of God in their foreheads.
And to them it was given that they should not kill them, but that they should be tormented five months: and their torment was as the torment of a scorpion, when he striketh a man. And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. Heavy stuff, strange chapter 9 of Revelation.
But here's the point, the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men. And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.
And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle. And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months.
And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon. One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter.
Meshech and Tubal identified with the people named Sarmatians and Mushovites who lived in the ancient province of Pontus in Northern Asia Minor, according to Herodotus, Histories IV. Muscovy and the Thobelites are founded by Meshech and Tubal, according to Josephus, Antiquities I.6.
These are all possible linkages, but uh Meshech was the barbarous people known as the Moschi who dwelt in the Moschian Mountains; the root from which the city of Moscow gets its name, according to Gesenius, Wilhelm Gesenius being one of the uh most reputable roots of uh uh Jewish roots.
Rosh, or Ros, is probably a proper name, referred to those dwelling north of the Tarus Mountains near the Volga River, according to Keil. There are other identities for these, but see again, the Bible used these strange names, because we keep changing the names of things.
And I mentioned the the examples before, and of course, if you're Isaiah and you're going to talk about Persia a thousand, excuse me, a century before it comes into history, you refer to it as Elam, by its forebears. And that's why in Genesis 10, there's a table of nations.
And as we study that table of nations, we can get a clue as to what people were talking about, because they're all there's 70 nations on the planet Earth that all have their roots there in Genesis 10.
And of course, we're all ancestors, I we all have, I should say, uh Noah as an ancestor, and he had three sons, Shem, and he had a number of sons, and then he had Ham, and he had a number of sons, and Japheth had a number of sons.
And of course, one of those sons of Japheth was Magog, and that's the one we're interested in. It's kind of interesting to notice that uh uh Shem had 20 had 26 uh uh nations that come came from him.
So Israel's not regarded as one of the nations, the Bible speaks of Israel and the nations. Israel is a family of 70 that came out as a nation, and the rest of them add up to uh the 70 of the nations.
But anyway, Shem, from him we get Elam, who's Persia or Iran today, Asshur, Arphaxad, a bunch of others, and we could go through all of these, but out of uh uh Arphaxad, Salah, Eber, Peleg, then we get to uh all the way through to Abraham.
That's the one that the that that's critical, of course, to the biblical record. Then we have Ham, who had Mizraim, which is the name for Egypt, if you will.
And out of that come the Philistines, and out of Cush, we have Ethiopia and the Kassites, and Nimrod, and the and all and we could go through all, we could spend a lot of time going through each one of these, but that's where that's the way the Bible will allude to uh uh a people that by different terms than we're used to today.
And we have Kitty and the Sinites, the Sinites are are the forebears to what we know today as China, interestingly enough. And Japheth, of course, are most of the Gentiles we think of here.
Uh Herodotus, Plutarch, spent a lot of time talking about Gomer and those, the Cimmerians settled along the Danube and Rhine. Ashkenaz is the Hebrew term for Germany in many respects, Riphath, and we could go through more, Togarmah, the Armenians, Turkey, Turkestan.
Magog is the his descendants were called by their Greek name, the Scythians, and that's going to be critical to our understanding of Ezekiel 38 and 39. But that's where we get it there, he was a son of Japheth.
Hesiod, who is a Greek didactic poet in the 8th century, has a great deal to say about the descendants of Magog, calling them by their Greek name, the Scythians. Herodotus, who's known as the father of history, wrote about three centuries later, in the 5th century BC, and he, of course, writes a great deal about the Scythians, because they were of great interest to the Greeks for a number of reasons.
So the Magog identity, clearly, the Magogians were the Scythians, as we looked at both Hesiod, the Greek didactic poet of the 8th century BC, that's actually a couple of centuries before Ezekiel is writing, and then Herodotus, who's about a century later, he speaks of the Scythians.
Now the Scythians dominated the southern steppes of Russia from the 10th century BC all the way through to about the 3rd century BC, and they do that all the way from Ukraine all the way to China.
Philo, Josephus, and other record recorders of history, point out that the Great Wall of China in the ancient records is called the Ramparts of Gog and Magog, and we know a lot about their lifestyle from the Soviet archaeologists and their discoveries.
It's interesting, the identity of Magog as the Scythians is not a recent development, prior to 1900, there are a number of authors that identified them, Bishop Lowth of England, Dr. John Cumming of London, 1864, Chamberlain in 54, J.A. Seiss, who wrote his commentary on the book of Revelation before the Civil War, 1860.
And of course, as I said before, the ancient writers speak of the Wall of China as the Ramparts of Gog and Magog. Okay, Japheth gave us the Medes, which and and to the Medes, and Tubal, Meshech, and Javan, the Greeks, and so forth.
We could go through all, we can spend a lot of time on all of these, but the name Scythian designates a number of nomadic tribes which dominated the Russian steppes from the Ukraine to China, from the 10th century to the 3rd century BC.
And uh there one of the terms used in Homer's Iliad is the Hippomolgoi, the mare-milkers, and when I visited, when I was a guest of the Deputy Chairman of the Soviet Union, one of the delicacies he treated me to was fermented horse milk that they regard as a special thing.
But anyway, after being repulsed from Media, many of the later Scyths settled in the fertile area of the Ukraine north of the Black Sea, and we could go into more background of this, Herodotus describes them living in Scythia, that's about 20 days journey, 360 miles on a side, I should say.
I'll show you that on the map to give you a feeling, but north of the Black Sea, from the Danube to the west to the Don on the east, uh we have this region that on the ancient, when the ancient times was known as Scythia.
The Scythian language belonged to the Iranian family of the Indo-European languages. The original area in which Iranian was spoken extended from the mid-Volga and the Don regions to the northern Urals and beyond.
In the 7th century BC, the Scythians swept across the area, displacing the Cimmerians from the steppes of the Ukraine east of Dnieper River, who fled from them across the Caucasus.
Even the name Caucasus, we all call ourselves Caucasians, the word Caucasus appears to have been derived from Gog-hasan, or Gog's Fort, interestingly enough.
He says, where there's neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all. He's using there the word Scythian to represent the most extreme form of barbarian.
Now the depth of this background is what's endowed these vibrant people with the beauty of Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, and Tchaikovsky, has also given us the cruelty of Ivan IV, the intensity of Lenin, and the brutality of Stalin.
God speaking, And I will bring thee forth, and all thine army, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armour, even a great company with bucklers and shields, all of them handling swords.
And uh so now, and of the north quarters. Now, in the Hebrew, the word for north has been modified to imply the extreme or uttermost parts of the north.
We have these different tribal names, scattered all through from Europe all the way through North Africa, and these nations become the allies of Magog in their attempted invasion of Israel.
Let's get to verse 7, Be thou prepared, and prepare for thyself, thou, and all thy company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them.
Well, it continues, after many days thou shalt be visited: in the latter years thou shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword, and is gathered out of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which have been always waste: but it is brought forth out of the nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them.
And thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of unwalled villages; I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates.
And thou shalt come up against my people of Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the latter days, and I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog, before their eyes.
Thus saith the Lord God, Art thou he of whom I have spoken in old time by my servants the prophets of Israel, which prophesied in those days many years that I would bring thee against them?
And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, fire, and brimstone.
Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, thou, and all thy bands, and the people that is with thee: I will give thee unto the ravenous birds of every sort, and to the beasts of the field to be devoured.
So will I make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel; and I will not let them pollute my holy name any more: and the heathen shall know that I am the Lord, the Holy One in Israel.
And they that dwell in the cities of Israel shall go forth, and shall set on fire and burn the weapons, both the shields and the bucklers, the bows and the arrows, and the handstaves, and the spears, and they shall burn them with fire seven years.
The passengers that pass through the land, when they see a man's bone, then shall he set up a sign by it, till the buriers have buried it in the Valley of Hamongog.
Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, all of them fatlings of Bashan.
Therefore thus saith the Lord God, Now will I bring again the captivity of Jacob, and have mercy upon the whole house of Israel, and will be jealous for my holy name.
We know that the tribulation is going to be interrupted with the Battle of Armageddon, and which in turn is interrupted by the Second Coming of Christ and the establishment of the Kingdom.
But the main reason is there's no mention of other key end-time events, the coming world leader, the Antichrist, or whatever you want to call him, there's no nothing about the fall of Babylon.
So, Father, we pray that through your Holy Spirit and through your word, you would guide us, give us the insights that you would have us gain, that we might know better understand what you would have of us in the days that remain.