System concept of Ecology (Theory & Questions) for Odisha SPCB AEE written exam preparation 2026

Hi friends, welcome on YourPedia, and my this video is related to the one of the topic systems approach in ecology.

Wo ecology topic ka aapka part hai, aur Odisha State Pollution Control Board mein Assistant Environment Engineer ka jo syllabus diya hai usme ecology bhi ecology ek topic hai.

Us ecology topic ke andar systems approach hai. Ecosystem is different from systems approach in ecology.

Ecology aapko pata hai kya hoti hai, wo hum pichle lectures mein define kar chuke hain. Ecology ko study karne ke liye alag alag approaches ho sakti hain.

Systems approach bhi ek approach hai.

Aur ecosystem ek basically unit hota hai.

Aur systems approach ek approach hai.

Systems approach kisi ecosystem ko ya ecology ke kisi part ko padhne ka, analyze karne ka tarika hai.

Whereas ecosystem ecology ecology ke andar ek unit hai.

Jaise suppose koi river system main le lu ya lake ke aas paas ka system le lu.

Wo ecology ka ek system ho sakta hai jisko ecosystem bolte hain.

Usko study karne ka tarika wo systems approach usko bolte hain.

Systems approach hoti kya hai abhi detail mein karenge.

Lekin systems approach kya hai, aapko agar koi ecology mein analysis karna hai to aap pure ke pure jo system hai usko collectively study karo.

Jaise agar aapko mere ko study karna hai, mere ko samjhna hai main kaisa dikhta hu to mere naak ko alag se dekhoge, aankh ko alag se dekhoge, lips ko alag se dekhoge to aapko picture pata nahi chalegi ki ye individual kaisa dikhta hai.

Saare in components ko mera naak, kaan, saare ko ikattha rakhoge to mera face aapko samjh aa jayega, visible ho jayega.

Haan ye ye individual to maine dekha hai.

Waise hi kisi systems ko padhne ka study karne ka jo tarika hai wo hai ki entire system as a whole as a single unit aap usko study karoge to aapko wo samjh aata hai.

Wo aapka uska interpretation aapko pata lagti hai.

Systems approach wahi hai.

Baki detail mein karenge friends.

Aur kisi bhi topic ke tarike se kisi bhi topic ko jab hum karte hain usko pehle hum us topic ka jo understand karte hain basics hai kya.

Phir uska jo document hai wo document aapko go through karna hai jo panel pe humne rakh diya hai is document ko.

Isko aap document ko go through karo aur sath mein jo niche questions hain.

Easy and moderate 70% aur 30% difficult very difficult questions unko lagao.

To isse aapka ye pura topic aapko understand ho jayega aap isko samjh jayenge.

Odisha State Pollution Control Board ka jo aapka exam nikla hai isme Assistant Environment Engineer ke post hai uska exam hai ye.

Aur usme aapke ye jo eligibility hai ye branches eligible hain aap jante hain isme.

Aur isme 90 questions hain aur 90 minutes hain jisme easy and moderate medium aapka 70% hai difficult very difficult aapka 30% hai.

90 marks ka aapka written hai interview 10 marks ka hai that you know.

And ecology ka weightage isme 10 marks hai.

Ye aapke saare ke saare jo topics hain friends unko divide kiya gaya hai to fluid mechanics heat transfer 15-15 number ka matlab 30 marks ka 90 mein se ye topic hai.

Aur ecology ka ye syllabus aapka diya hua hai.

Aaj isi ecology mein systems concept systems approach ecology mein kya hoti hai uske bare mein discuss karenge.

To systems approach ka understand karne ki try karte hain.

System concept hai kya to systems ka concept ka matlab hai sum total of parts that interact to form a coherent whole.

Systems have distinct boundary separating them from external elements and distinguishing between inputs or factors that impact the system and outputs or effects and products of the system.

Systems may also have feedback loops which occur when outputs of a system return as inputs forming a circuit.

Changes in one component of a system will affect other components as well as the overall entity.

This dynamic makes it possible to predict what might happen when a system experiences a known change.

To systems ka concept ka matlab hai sum total of parts jab interact karte hain to hume cheez samjh aati hai.

Ki agar kisi basically body ke andar kuch alag alag parts hain jo sab aapas mein interact karte hain jab sab unko ikattha hum padhte hain unki interaction padhte hain tab hume saare ka saara system samjh aa jata hai.

Aur system ki boundaries hoti hain jo usko uske environment se alag karti hain aur uske environment aur system ke beech mein interaction hoti hai.

Aur us interaction ko hume samjhna hota hai.

Ab isko dhyan se dekhna friends aap mein se jo mechanical engineer hain wo jante hain there is something which is called thermodynamic system.

Thermodynamic system is separated from its environment by a boundary.

Thermodynamic system hota hai uski environment hota hai aur uske beech mein boundary hoti hai.

Ab boundary aur thermodynamic system ke beech mein interaction hota hai.

Ab ye system hai maan lo aur system ka phir environment hai.

Yahan pe environment humne solar energy ya sun ko humne environment bol diya.

Jisse hamare paas solar energy aayegi.

Maan lo system aapka hai planet earth wo ek system hai jisko hum study karne ki try kar rahe hain let us say.

To solar energy jab aayi aur as input mere ko wo energy mili.

Ab uske andar ped paudhe hain planet earth ke upar ped paudhe hain to jab ye solar energy aayi to ped paudhe ke andar process hui.

Process aap jante hain photosynthesis process hai.

Photosynthesis process se kya nikla usse photosynthesis process se aap jante hain usse energy nikalti hai usse aapka jo bhi product nikalta hai.

Photosynthesis process ek process hoti hai jab paudhe karte hain jisme wo oxygen bhi liberate karte hain carbon dioxide carbon ko khate hain usme.

To wo aapke paas kuch output aaya energy ke form mein output aaya.

Phir us output se dobare aap ek feedback lete ho phir dekhte ho usse kya impact aaya.

Paudhon ne photosynthesis process kiya paudhon paudhon se let's say paudhon ka jo hai growth hui.

Phir paudhon ko kha gaye animal kha gaye.

To animal kha gaye to phir wo balance bana raha feedback aaya.

To aise pure system ke andar energy flow ko study karta hai systems approach wahi hai.

Ki system aur uski surrounding ke beech mein jo interaction hota hai to pehle surrounding se kuch input milti hai.

Phir surrounding ko kuch output di jati hai.

Jaise hum log oxygen le rahe hain main ek system hu main apni surrounding se oxygen le raha hu main khana kha raha hu aur jisse main carbon dioxide ko release bhi karta hu to jaise saans lete ho saans chhodte ho carbon dioxide release karte ho.

Ab usse kya hota hai waise hi aapke power plant aur baki aur system hain.

Usse kya hua jab aisa system ka approach interaction hona start hua environment ke sath.

To with pass of time humne dekha carbon dioxide bahut jyada ho gayi.

To feedback mili ki carbon dioxide bahut jyada ho gayi aur carbon dioxide jyada hone se saare ka saara system aapka phir se gadbad hona start ho gaya.

To ye aapka feedback mechanism bhi sath sath chalna start hua.

To basically ek environment hota hai ek system hota hai to system aur environment ke beech ka saare ka saara jo ye part hai ye is tarike se chalta hai hamara.

Ab isme jo basic system theory model hai system ecology mein wo aise chalti hai.

Isme jo ecological system hota hai wo open system hota hai isliye open hota hai because jo environment hai usse usko input leni hai.

Aur bahut si jo internal processes hain usse output milega aur feedback mechanism jo hai wo usko regulate karta hai.

System ko saare ke saare ko feedback mechanism regulate karta hai.

To feedback mechanism regulating system hota hai aur ye jo diagram hai ye ye bhi explain karti hai agar aap is diagram ko samjhoge to isme input basically wo energy hai ya matter hai jo ecosystem ke andar enter karta hai.

Agar main apne aap ko ek system bolu individual ko ek system bolu to hum log khana khate hain hum log oxygen breathe karte hain wo hamare liye ek input hota hai.

Phir biological process hoti hai body ke andar aapka digestion biological process hoti hai ye process se aapka eventually output nikalta hai.

Ab jitna bhi aapka muscular system hai hum kuch khayenge uske baad hamare hum body mein kuch activities karenge wo hamara output hoga.

Chahe hum kaam karenge chahe hum mentally kaam karenge physically kaam karenge wo output hoga.

Ab agar maan lo ki hum jo kaam kar rahe hain aur jo hum kha rahe hain wo balance nahi hai.

Kha jyada rahe hain kaam kam kar rahe hain.

To hum log jo hamara weight badhta jayega hum mote ho jayenge aur feedback milega ki aap mote ho gaye ho.

To aapko khana kam khana hai.

Aise system chalta hai.

To systems approach mein ek aapka ecological system hota hai phir usko environment se input milti hai phir wahan pe system ke andar process hoti hai.

Phir output hoti hai input aur output ke beech mein feedback mechanism hota hai jo is system ko balance rakhne mein help karta hai.

Yahi hai systems approach.

To ye aapko pata hona chahiye aur do char jo obviously jo information kaise question ban sakte hain.

Wo niche question aapko diye hue hain ki questions kis tarike se frame ho sakte hain.

Aur questions mein aapko pata lag jayega ki jo ecological system hota hai ye open hota hai.

Kyunki ye environment ke sath interactive hota hai.

To ab ye detail mein jo maine discuss kiya hai ye yahan pe explain kiya hua hai ki environment jo system ke bahar ka ek cheez hoti hai jaise hamare liye planet ke liye sun ek environment hai.

Wo external system hota hai aur uske andar solar energy climate soil water human ye saare ke saare cheez aati hai.

Input jo hota hai wo jo environment se tum lete ho wo input hoti hai.

Yahan pe solar energy water nutrient organism ye saare input ho jate hain.

Aur uske baad aapka process hota hai process ke andar photosynthesis respiration consumption decomposition nutrient assimilation ye saare ke saare uske process hote hain.

Uske baad output hota hai output ke andar aapka ye jitna bhi aapka heat carbon dioxide oxygen ye saare ka saara nikalta hai ye uska output hota hai.

Aur feedback do tarah ke hote hain negative feedback aur positive feedback isko dhyan se dekhna negative feedback agar de di jaye to usse system aapka stabilize hota hai.

Jaise predator prey ka balance hai jaise predator aur prey jo predator hai jo kisi cheez ko kha jata hai prey jisko kha jata hai wo balance banane mein aapne kai baar suna hoga ki hum chicken ko nahi khayenge to chicken ki population badh jayegi.

To ye balance rakh raha hai ki jitna aapka predator hai predator agar prey karega khayega prey matlab hunting karna kha jana.

To agar kha jayega to balance bana rahega.

To negative feedback balance karti hai system ko positive feedback jo hai system mein amplification lati hai badha deti hai.

Phir arrows hain input output wagara feedback ka arrows hote hain to aise system ko wo dynamic rakhte hain.

Phir ye table mein sab kuch explain kiya hai ye system approach ke jo char part hain input hai process hai output hai feedback hai.

In charon components ko explain kiya gaya hai aur example bhi ecological example isme diye gaye hain.

To isko ek bar go through kar lo ki kya systems hain aur kya uske examples hain.

Just go through this.

Ab environment kisko bolte hain.

Environment basically wo cheez hai jo system ki surrounding hai.

To system ki surrounding ko environment bolte hain.

Aur system ko hum closed mante hain agar uski koi interaction environment ke sath nahi ho rahi.

Lekin ecology mein aisa nahi hota.

Ecology open system hota hai basically.

Kyunki uski interactions hoti hai.

To closed system open system lekin hamara jo ecology hai wo open system hota hai.

Aur jo boundary hai usko interface bol sakte hain jahan pe interaction hota hai.

Living organisms jitne bhi hain wo open system hote hain.

Kyunki wo matter ko exchange karte hain environment ke sath.

To ye aapka environment hota hai.

Ab general system theory kya cheez hai GST bolte hain.

Ye goods goods and services tax nahi hai ye general system theory hai.

To ye ek holistic framework hai jo ecosystem ko complex organized aur open system ki tarah se analyze karta hai.

Iske bahut se component ho sakte hain ecology mein biotic abiotic.

Kisne diya tha ye Ludwig von Bertalanffy jaisa naam lag raha hai.

Lekin Bertalanffy dekh lena.

Ye naam inhone isko diya tha.

To ye jo ecological focus hai usko system type ka ek analysis karne mein help karta hai.

Jaise energy flow ko study karenge nutrient cycle ko study karenge feedback loops ko study karenge.

To basically general systems theory ecology mein aise work karti hai.

Iske key concepts kya hain general systems theory ke ecology mein.

Holism.

Ecosystems are studied as wholes because interactions.

E.g. predator-prey are often more important than individual components.

Meaning the system cannot be understood by only studying its parts.

Open systems.

Ecological systems are open interacting with their environment.

Through energy inputs sunlight and outputs heat organic matter.

Emergent properties.

Ecosystems develop unique macroscopic characteristics like stability or structural complexity.

That arise from the interaction of components and cannot be predicted by looking at a single species alone.

Feedback loops and regulation.

Systems maintain homeostasis or stability through negative feedback.

Though they are subject to change and entropy.

Hierarchy.

Ecological systems are organized into hierarchies from organisms to populations, communities, ecosystems and the biosphere.

Application in ecology.

Systems ecology this field uses GST to model ecological processes.

Such as using Odum's energy systems language to analyze energy flow through food webs.

Environmental management.

GST helps in understanding environmental change and managing ecosystems for resilience against perturbations.

Such as pollution or climate change.

Complex adaptive systems.

It supports analyzing ecosystems as systems that adapt and change moving beyond linear cause and effect thinking to understand non-linear dynamics and chaos.

Systems approach in ecology applies general systems theory to study ecosystems holistically.

Focusing on inputs, processes, outputs and feedback loops as shown in the provided diagram.

This framework helps analyze complex interactions in environmental systems.

Treating ecosystems as open systems influenced by external factors.

Systems ecology emphasizes energetics and holistic analysis.

Ecosystems exhibit emergent properties where whole system behavior arises from component interactions.

Not individual parts.

Applies thermodynamic principles like energy flow and maximum power efficiency for sustainable states.

Open systems exchange with the environment influenced by human activities like pollution or land use.

Applications in ecology.

In a forest ecosystem solar input drives photosynthesis process producing oxygen and biomass outputs.

With decomposition feeding back nutrients.

Tools include energy systems language diagrams by H.T. Odum for visualizing flows.

Energy systems language ESL model.

Energy systems language ESL developed by H.T. Odum in the 1950s is a specialized iconic and mathematical modeling language.

Used for visualizing and analyzing complex systems.

It is frequently called energese or energy circuit language.

And is designed to map the structure and function of ecosystems economies and other systems by showing how energy materials and information flow through them.

Key aspects of H.T. Odum's energy systems language.

Universal language for systems.

Odum proposed energy as a universal language that could unite science allowing for the comparison of diverse systems.

From ecological swamps to urban economies using the same set of rules.

Visualizing flows.

The diagrams utilize a standardized set of symbols often called energese to represent energy sources pathways transformations storages and losses.

Picture mathematics.

Each symbol is mathematically defined allowing the diagrams to be translated into simulations and equations that obey the laws of thermodynamics.

Top down approach.

The method is meant to be a macroscope forcing the user to first map the entire system before examining individual components.

Key symbols and components.

The language consists of several key symbols that represent specific functions.

Energy source circle represents external inputs like sunlight fuel or water.

Storage tank bullet shaped or tank indicates where energy or materials are stored within the system.

Heat sink ground symbol represents the degradation of energy as it disperses.

Second law of thermodynamics.

Interaction work gate bullet hexagon shows where two or more types of energy materials interact to create a new often higher quality product.

Consumer hexagon represents a unit that uses stored energy to maintain itself.

Producer bullet symbol represents plants or in human systems production units.

Applications.

ESL diagrams are primarily used in systems ecology and ecological engineering to.

Identify critical components and bottlenecks in energy flow.

Create models for simulating system dynamics.

Evaluate environmental impacts and sustainability using emergy embodied energy.

Analyze the interaction between natural and economic systems.

Holistic and integrative perspective.

Systems ecology adopts a holistic approach.

Meaning.

The ecosystem is studied as a whole not by examining plants animals soil or climate separately.

Properties like stability resilience productivity and homeostasis emerge from interactions among components.

And cannot be fully understood by studying parts in isolation.

For example forest productivity depends simultaneously on solar energy nutrient availability species diversity and climatic regulation.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Ecosystem as an open system.

An ecosystem is treated as an open system because.

Energy enters primarily as solar radiation and leaves as heat.

In accordance with thermodynamic laws.

Matter nutrients continuously cycles within the system carbon nitrogen phosphorus cycles.

There is constant exchange with the surrounding environment atmosphere hydrosphere lithosphere.

This framing allows ecologists to analyze inputs outputs storage and transfers within ecosystems.

Emphasis on energy flow.

Energy flow is central to systems ecology.

Energy moves unidirectionally from producers to consumers to decomposers.

At each trophic transfer a large portion of energy is lost as heat.

Second law of thermodynamics.

This explains ecological phenomena such as.

Limited number of trophic levels.

Decreasing biomass at higher trophic levels.

Dependence of ecosystem size and complexity on primary productivity.

Energy flow diagrams and energy budgets are key analytical tools.

Nutrient cycling and matter flow.

Unlike energy nutrients are recycled.

Systems ecology studies biogeochemical cycles as interconnected subsystems.

Producers consumers and decomposers are functionally linked through nutrient uptake assimilation and mineralization.

Disturbance in one component e.g. loss of decomposers disrupts the entire nutrient cycle.

This helps explain ecosystem responses to pollution eutrophication and land use change.

Use of mathematical models and flow charts.

A defining feature of systems ecology is the use of quantitative tools such as.

Mathematical models to simulate ecosystem behavior under different conditions.

Climate change nutrient addition species removal.

Flow charts and compartment models showing.

Energy or nutrient storage.

Transfer rates between components.

Feedback loops.

These models help in prediction comparison and management of ecosystems.

Feedback mechanisms and regulation.

Systems ecology highlights feedback loops.

Negative feedback promotes stability.

E.g. predator-prey regulation.

Positive feedback can amplify change e.g. deforestation reducing rainfall.

Leading to further forest loss.

Through feedbacks ecosystems exhibit self-regulation and dynamic equilibrium.

Also known as homeostasis.

Interdisciplinary nature.

This approach is interdisciplinary integrating.

Ecology.

Physics thermodynamics energy laws.

Chemistry nutrient cycles.

Mathematics and computer science modeling and simulation.

As a result systems ecology is widely applied in.

Ecosystem management.

Climate change studies.

Environmental impact assessment.

Sustainability science.

System ecology versus ecosystem in ecology.

While the system concept of ecology and an ecosystem are intimately related.

They are not exactly the same thing.

The ecosystem is the physical entity or unit.

Whereas the system concept of ecology refers to the approach methodology.

Or lens used to study that entity.

Differences.

Ecosystem a specific unit of nature e.g. a pond a forest.

Consisting of all living biotic and non-living abiotic components that interact with each other in a particular bounded area.

It is the subject being studied.

System concept of ecology systems ecology.

A holistic interdisciplinary approach that applies general systems theory to ecology.

Using mathematical modeling flow charts and energy principles to analyze how the parts of an ecosystem energy nutrients organisms interact and function together.

Key distinctions.

Subject versus method an ecosystem is the actual system in nature.

While the systems concept is the methodology used to analyze that system.

Breadth.

Ecology is the broad science studying all relationships.

While the system concept specifically focuses on energy flow nutrient cycling and feedback loops within that ecological unit.

Components.

The ecosystem includes the physical components soil water trees animals.

While the system concept of ecology focuses on the transactions and processes between these components.

How they overlap.

Systems ecology is a specialized branch of ecosystem ecology.

It is often considered the application of general systems theory to ecology.

Aiming to model and predict the behavior of ecosystems.

Tansley's definition.

When A.G. Tansley coined ecosystem in 1935 he was essentially promoting a system-based view of nature.

Where organisms and their environment are seen as one functional inseparable and organized system.

Friends phir ye niche questions aapko jo diye hain.

Questions ko do part mein easy aur moderate questions.

Ye aap lagate chale jao yahan se aapko confidence aayega.

Saare questions jab aap lagayenge.

Ye aapke panel ke upar document rakh diya gaya hai.

To ye jitne bhi questions hain ye aapke easy and moderate degree ke hain 70%.

Har kisi ko ye karne hain.

Acche tarike se aapko isko karke jana hai.

Aur uske baad niche aapke difficult category ke questions bhi hain.

To jo difficult category ke questions hain wo ye hain 30%.

Jin mein question may be multiple answer type questions aapka banega.

To ye aapke difficult category mein questions.

Inko bhi aap karein.

To 50 60 70 question hote hain har topic ke.

Aur inko acche tarike se karo to ye video sunna hai document lena hai aur questions lagane hain.

Aur phir regular testing hamara start ho jayega this is the way we have to prepare for Assistant Environment Engineer Odisha State Pollution Control Board.