**Camera Framing: Shot Composition & Cinematography Techniques Explained [The Shot List, Ep 2] โ€” Transcript & SRT | SozAI** Source: https://sozai.app/transcript/camera-framing-shot-composition-cinematography-techn-transcript/ Answers ## Questions about this video What is the difference between a clean single and a dirty single shot? A clean single features one character alone in the frame with no other characters visible, conveying isolation. A dirty single includes a limited presence of another character in the frame, even though the primary focus is still on one individual. What is the primary purpose of a two-shot in filmmaking? The two-shot is used to create a visual relationship between two characters. This relationship can be affectionate, contentious, or imaginary, and both characters' faces must be clearly visible. When does the terminology for shots with multiple characters change from numbered shots to a 'crowd shot'? While you can have three-shot, four-shot, and so on, if there are too many characters in the frame to number them individually, it's best to simply call it a 'crowd shot.' The key is that including multiple characters in a single frame always creates a relationship between them. ## Full Transcript โ€” Download SRT & Markdown 00:06 Speaker Narrator In the previous episode of the shot list, we broke down all the most commonly used shot sizes in the filmmaker's toolbox. 00:14 Speaker Narrator But once the camera shot size is determined, the question becomes, how should I compose the subjects in each frame? 00:24 Speaker Narrator And action dirt. 00:30 Speaker Narrator This is episode two of The Shot List. 00:39 Speaker Narrator Framing. 00:44 Speaker Narrator Now, let's get into the proper frame of mind. 00:50 Speaker Narrator These are the most commonly used framing options to cover action in a scene. 00:55 Speaker A I've never seen anything like this. 00:57 Speaker Narrator Singles, which can be clean or dirty. 01:01 Speaker Narrator Two shot. 01:03 Speaker Narrator Over the shoulder. 01:06 Speaker Narrator Point of view. 01:09 Speaker Narrator And finally, the insert. 01:56 Speaker Narrator Our first framing convention, the single. 02:02 Speaker Narrator A single shot features one character alone in the frame. 02:07 Speaker Narrator The individual character is the primary focus. 02:14 Speaker Narrator But there are two ways to frame a single. 02:17 Speaker Narrator A clean single is when no part of any other character is visible in the frame. 02:25 Speaker Narrator It's best used when you want to convey a character's isolation. 02:29 Speaker Narrator Whereas a dirty single includes a limited presence from another character in the frame. 02:35 Speaker Narrator And don't forget that singles, like all of the framing options, can be combined with any of the shot sizes we covered in the last video. 03:22 Speaker Narrator Whether it's a close-up, a medium shot, or a wide shot, the single still applies. 03:31 Speaker Narrator When two characters are visible together in frame, this is called the two shot. 03:39 Speaker Narrator Don't sing if you want to live long. 03:40 Speaker Narrator The orientation of the characters to one another can vary, but to be considered a two shot. 03:46 Speaker Narrator Both faces must be clearly visible. 03:50 Speaker Narrator The two shot is all about creating a visual relationship between two characters. 03:56 Speaker Narrator This relationship might be affectionate, contentious, or even imaginary. 04:09 Speaker Narrator When more characters are added to the frame, the terminology adjusts to. 04:16 Speaker Narrator Three shot. 04:20 Speaker Narrator Four shot. 04:23 Speaker Narrator And so on. 05:10 Speaker Narrator There is no official limit on how high this number can go. 05:13 Speaker B One, two, three, four, five. 05:16 Speaker Narrator But numbering this would be overkill, best to just call it a crowd shot. 05:22 Speaker Narrator Remember that no matter how many characters you include in a single frame, you are creating a relationship between them. 05:30 Speaker Narrator The most common and useful way of covering a conversation is the over the shoulder shot. 05:41 Speaker Narrator An OTS shot acts like a hybrid between a single and a two shot, where often only focusing on one character at a time. 05:50 Speaker C Yes, I'm a city. 05:52 Speaker Narrator From these OTS angles, we get perspectives from both sides and a sense that we are included in the moment. 06:00 Speaker D Can I help you? 06:01 Speaker E I hope so, I'm an old friend of George's, thought I'd stop and say hello. 06:47 Speaker Narrator When you want the audience to experience the perspective of a character, it can be effective to frame up a point of view or POV shot. 07:02 Speaker Narrator The idea of the POV can cover a wide range of perspectives. 07:06 Speaker Narrator A person, an alien, a camera, a disembodied spirit, or even a shark. 07:19 Speaker Narrator In many cases, a POV shot is also paired with POV audio, so we can see what they see and hear what they hear. 08:24 Speaker Narrator The insert shot is not just about going extremely tight on a detail. 08:32 Speaker Narrator The way the information is framed is often even more important than how prominent it is on screen. 08:40 Speaker Narrator Inserts can also be combined with POV shots, a first-person perspective. 08:48 Speaker Narrator Or are we looking at the insert shot from a third-person perspective, or a hybrid frame like this? 09:05 Speaker Narrator We've covered the most common types of camera framing, but now let's put it all together. 09:11 Speaker Narrator Let's look at Bong Joon-ho's Parasite. 09:16 Speaker Narrator This sequence of scenes is about the physical and ideological connections between family members. 09:24 Speaker Narrator Watch how the director ties them together through framing decisions. 10:10 Speaker Narrator An ultra-wide four shot of the Kims in the Park family's backyard. 10:17 Speaker Narrator An insert shot of four whiskey glasses being filled. 10:21 Speaker Narrator A medium four shot of the Kim family. 10:26 Speaker Narrator A hybrid four shot, OTS, POV. 10:31 Speaker Narrator A close-up dirty single. 10:34 Speaker Narrator A dirty single. 10:37 Speaker Narrator A dirty two shot. 10:40 Speaker Narrator A dirty OTS shot. 10:44 Speaker Narrator A complementary OTS. 10:50 Speaker Narrator A dirty single. 10:52 Speaker Narrator A full four shot. 10:58 Speaker Narrator A two shot. 11:00 Speaker Narrator Pans over to a different two shot. 11:06 Speaker Narrator The pan continues to a three shot. 11:11 Speaker Narrator A dirty single. 11:14 Speaker Narrator A dirty single. 11:16 Speaker Narrator An OTS shot. 11:18 Speaker Narrator A clean single. 11:20 Speaker Narrator Pans over to frame another clean single. 11:25 Speaker Narrator Lastly, a wide four shot. 12:14 Speaker Narrator Single. 12:16 Speaker Narrator Two shot. 12:17 Speaker Narrator Point of view. 12:19 Speaker Narrator Insert shot. 12:20 Speaker Narrator Single. 12:21 Speaker Narrator Three shot. 12:22 Speaker Narrator Insert shot. 12:23 Speaker Narrator As we've seen, the way you frame a shot helps guide the scene in the desired direction. 12:26 Speaker Narrator Over the shoulder. 12:28 Speaker Narrator Once you understand what you want to achieve in the scene, you can decide how best to frame your subjects. 12:34 Speaker Narrator Plan out your shots in detail before production. 12:38 Speaker Narrator We shot listed using StudioBinder. 12:40 Speaker Narrator If you're looking to create and collaborate on a shot list, you can find a link in the description. 12:45 Speaker Narrator In the next episode of The Shot List, we'll explore every camera angle. 13:32 Speaker Narrator Subscribe and click the bell to get notified as we release our next filmmaking techniques video. 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